Urgency of Chemistry Instrumentation for Students of Medical Laboratory Technology

The background of the research is that the chemical instrumentation course reviews all instrumentation used for health laboratory examinations in accordance with the demands of a health analyst's competence. This material is basic knowledge, so students need to understand these three aspects, namely: the concept and function of chemical instrumentation, the basics of chemical instrumentation analysis, and the classification of chemical analysis.The research method is quantitative descriptive with 80 students and the main data collection tool is a questionnaire / instrument. Variables were examined from all three aspects, each aspect contain 20 questions, so that in the whole questionnaire there were 60 questions. efore the questionnaire was used to retrieve data, the validity and reliability tests had been carried out and the results were declared valid and reliable, while the data analysis technique was used descriptive analysis by comparing the calculated results with the criteria set by the researcher.The results of the study concluded: 1) the concept and function of chemical instrumentation obtained a score of 69 or 86.25% with very good criteria; 2) the basics of chemical instrumentation analysis obtained a score of 72 or 90.00% with good criteria; and 3) the classification of chemical analysis obtained a score of 73 or 91.25% with very good criteria, so the final conclusion is the perception of Health Analyst students' study programs on the urgency of chemical instrumentation material is very good.

The Application of Biotechnology in the Synthesis of Metal/Metal Oxides Nanoparticles

This paper is aimed at reviewing the application of biological extracts from plants, fungi and bacteria in the synthesis of metal/metal oxide nanoparticles with reference to Ag and TiO2 nanoparticles as a case study. The procedures for the extraction of the biological extracts as well as the chemical instrumentation analysis of the extracts and metal/metal oxide nanoparticles were explained in this review. It was reported that standard chemical test confirms the presence of tannins, alkanoids, flavonoids and terpenoids in various plant extracts, while FTIR characterization of various biological extracts confirms the presence of organic compounds as a capping and reducing agents in the biosynthetic process for the preparation of the nanoparticles. The use of other instrumental techniques such as FESEM, XRD, SEM, EDX, TEM and UV-Visible spectroscopy in the characterization of biosynthesized metal/metal oxide nanoparticles were also explained in this review.

Organic chemistry The last fifty years

<div>The first question the reader might ask Why only organic chemistry? and why only the second half of the 20th century? One answer is to say that 1 am an organic chemist and that, since my independent career started in 1948, 1 arn a professional witness only to what happened in the second half of this century. But there are more cogent answers to the two questions. Were 1 to try to cover al1 of chemistry of the entire century with its many advances, for example in chemical instrumentation, this article would become entirely unwieldy.</div><div> </div>

Innovation in Study of Physical and Technical Measurements. Czech-Polish Cooperation of Universities / Innowacje Studiów Fizyczne I Techniczne Metody Pomiarowe. Czesko-Polska Współpraca Uniwersytetów

In the Faculty of Science (University of Hradec Králové) the innovative program in chemistry for the study specialization Physico-technical Measurements and Computer Technology was developed. The innovation of chemistry filed study has been focused especially on increase in competitiveness and in graduates employment. Design of innovation enables graduates applying for the position of experts in physical measurements and informatics and at the same time they expand their competence in the service of the physico-chemical instrumentation in industrial ecology. Because Faculty of Science is not equipped yet in expensive instrumentation for nuclear spectrometry, cross-border cooperation with the Faculty of Natural and Technical Sciences (University of Opole) has been started. In the area of teaching about non-traditional energy sources the cross-border cooperation with the Department of Automation and Renewable Energy Sources, Faculty of Electrical Engineering (Czestochowa University of Technology) has been initiated. Well-developed system of cooperation with companies, which are equipped with the latest technology of environmental protection, was created. In the exchange system Polish students attended for practicing in these companies. The aim of the contribution is to describe one of the means of innovation of chemistry field study in the frame of bachelor study specialization oriented in physics and computer technology. We believe that the new approach will lead to increase in graduate competitiveness as well as to development of their motivation to study and better understanding of regulation principles of chemical processes and patterns.