Acoustic correlates of the advanced vs. retracted tongue root feature in Igbo

Vowel harmony based on the advanced tongue root (±ATR) feature is a well-known attribute of the languages of the Macro-Sudan belt. Igbo (< Benue-Congo), one of these languages, on basis of which first instrumental studies of ±ATR articulation were conducted, has an asymmetric vowel system /i, ɪ, e, a, ɔ, o, ʊ, u/, so that root ±ATR harmony exists within three pairs and a single vowel /e/. This paper describes an acoustic realization of ±ATR in Igbo. According to the hypothesis that the value of the first formant in combination with the distribution of energy over the spectrum combine into a single perceptual cue that allows to distinguish vowels opposed by ±ATR we investigate (along with the description of the formant space) three spectral parameters that were shown to be acoustic correlates of ±ATR in other Macro-Sudan languages. The results of the instrumental analysis indicate that acoustic correlates of ±ATR harmony in Igbo are the value of the first formant, its bandwidth and normalized center of gravity. In addition, all parameters relevant for the ±ATR contrast in our data divided /ɔ/ utterances in different roots into two groups with contrasting values of the feature.

The 12th International Conference on Instrumental Analysis—Modern Trends and Applications (20–23 September 2021, Virtual Event)

The 12th International Conference on “Instrumental Methods of Analysis” www.ima2021.gr (accessed on 8 November 2021)), was organized by the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki and National Technical University of Athens, during 20–23 September 2021 as a virtual event, providing the opportunity for high-level analytical scientists from all around the world to promote their relevant research [...]

LEARNING INNOVATION OF INSTRUMENTAL ANALYSIS LAB WORK FOR IMPROVING STUDENTS NEW LITERACIES AND LEARNING MOTIVATION IN THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

Background: The COVID-19 outbreak has changed education dramatically. Teaching and learning are undertaken remotely and on digital platforms. Therefore, learning innovation needs to be carried out to keep and maintain the learning objectives. Unfortunately, some courses are challenging to carry out remotely, such as Instrumental analysis labwork. This chemistry labwork involves using modern analytical instrumentation, such as HPLC, AAS, and GC. Aim: In this study, an innovation of an online learning model of instrumental analysis labwork for chemistry students was carried out. The innovation aims to provide authentic and motivational experiences for students while learning remotely. Methods: The first innovation was carried out by verification experiments using an interactive virtual pH meter and visible spectrophotometer. The second was carried out by designing a creative project-based experiment. The experiment determined the concentration of colored solutions by utilizing digital cameras or smartphones and color image analysis software as a substitute for a visible spectrophotometer. The implementation of experiments with interactive virtual media was intended to introduce various analytical instrumentations. In addition, this also trained the students in processing and interpreting experimental data. Meanwhile, the project-based experiments were intended to prepare students to design and apply an experiment, then analyze and report the results creatively. Results and Discussion: The authentic assessment resulted in data literacy, technological literacy, and human literacy having high and very high criteria, namely 89%, 95%, and 95%, respectively. Meanwhile, students abilities in designing projects and processing data need to be improved. Conclusions: In general, the learning innovation developed is proven to increase the learning motivation of all students.

RESULTS OF CLINICAL AND INSTRUMENTAL STUDY OF DIGITAL OCCLUSION INDICES DURING REGISTRATION OF INTERMAXILLARY INTERCUSPAL POSITION IN PATIENTS WITH UNILATERAL DEFECTS AND INTACT DENTITIONS

Introduction. Determination of the patients’ dentitions ratios is an important in the orthopedic dental treatment of defects of the dentofacial system (DFS). The aim of the study. Performance of the comparative clinical and instrumental analysis of ICP occlusal relationships registration results in groups of patients with intact dentitions and unilateral defects of dentitions. Materials and methods. Examination of 10 patients of both sexes aged 24 to 50 years was conducted. All examined patients were divided into treatment and control groups. The first treatment group of the study included 5 patients with class A2 unilateral defects of dentitions of the DFS according to the Eichner classification. The control group consisted of 5 patients with intact dentitions. Results. As a result of the study conducted it was found that at the stage of transition from ICP to MIC, the OT index in patients of the control group with the use of Futar D registration material was (0,37±0,07) sec, values of the proportion of the occlusal force (COF) on the right were determined in the interval (65,2±7,71) %, on the left they were (34,8±7,71) %, length of the occlusal trajectory (L) was (8,6±2,94) mm. OT index in patients of the treatment group with the use of Futar D registration material during the transition from ICP to MIC made up (0,37±0,07) sec, values of the proportion of the occlusal force (COF) on the right were determined in the interval (32,4±6,22) %, on the left they were (67,6±6,22) % (p<0,05), length of occlusal displacement trajectory (L) increased to (12,6±2,88) mm (p≥0,05). Conclusions: An important feature of physiologically coordinated functioning of the dentofacial system of patients is the uniform occlusion of dentition with simultaneous contact of all groups of At the time of static and dynamic occlusion, frequent sliding contacts are observed in the end position of the ICP. As the occlusal pressure increases towards the maximum intercuspation (MIC), the area of the contact surfaces of the teeth increases. Under this condition, an occlusal pressure occurs, causing redistribution of the functional load of the DFS The interval of dental occlusion between the ICP and MIC positions, or delta (∆), which can be determined using Tekscan III digital technology, demonstrates spatio-temporal indices of redistribution of intermaxillary relations. Their values in patients with partial loss of teeth cause a particular With the use of Futar D registration material, clinical and instrumental analysis of digital indices of the transition from ICP to MIC allowed the establishment of the extension of time duration of dental occlusion by 1,2, increase in the length of the occlusal trajectory by 1,5, a significant change in proportional participation of the sides of dentitions (p<0,05) in patients of the treatment group compared to the control Prospects for further research. The conducted instrumental studies demonstrate challenging opportunities to identify individualized features of static and dynamic occlusal balance at clinical registration of intermaxillary position of ICP with the help of various registration materials and techniques.

An instrumental analysis of oral monophthongs in Aceh Barat dialect of Acehnese

As among the ten most spoken languages, Acehnese inevitably has many varieties. Many previous studies on Acehnese have been heavily conducted on the northern varieties of Acehnese, leaving other Acehnese varieties unexplored. Pase dialect of Acehnese has been described to have oral and nasal monophthongs and diphthongs, but no studies on Aceh Barat dialect phonetic features of Acehnese have been made. Aceh Barat dialect has also been stigmatized as being rough and vulgar in the previous study. Thus, the current study aims to explore the instrumental analysis of Acehnese oral monophthongs by Aceh Barat speakers. Three male speakers (aged 35-50 years old) speaking only Acehnese as the local language participated in the current study. The ten Acehnese words used to target the ten phonemes were adapted from study. A total of 90 tokens of Acehnese oral vowels production were analyzed using PRAAT version 6.1.29. The oral monophthongs of the Aceh Barat dialect are generally similar to the previous study on the Pase dialect. Exception emerges for the vowel /?/ and /?/, which seems to be produced differently across the speakers. Both vowels appear to stretch further down the vowel space closer to the back vowels /u/ and / ?/, respectively.