Planning in Times of Uncertainty

Coastal city-regions are dealing with new wicked problems due to climate change. Therefore, there is a demand for alternative paradigms and methodologies beyond the neoconservative perspective, demanding a transformative planning practice based on a territory-landscape plan as a catalyst for change. Landscape approaches are not ‘new,’ but they have become a driving paradigm in the international realm during the last decades. This paper explores the differences in taking a landscape approach on the Global North and South and discusses how a landscape approach can add value to coastal planning theory, especially when looking for the territories of the 21st metropolis. Conclusions have shown that landscape approaches from both Global North and South can strongly lead to a transformative and adaptive response.

Marine Spatial Planning in Colombia: Advances and Challenges Facing the Implementation of the United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development

The oceans present high levels of degradation and affectation by human activities and global warming, hence the use of the Decade of Ocean Sciences for Sustainable Development of the United Nations 2021-2030 (Decade), where Marine Spatial Planning (MSP) is included, are seen as initiatives that contribute to improve the current situation of the world’s marine ecosystems. In Colombia the MSP is understood as the Marine-Coastal Planning (OMC by its acronym in Spanish) and even though it has presented progress in recent years, due to the lack of approval of law projects, there are legal gaps in Marine-Coastal Planning that hinders its development. However, the policy instruments that Colombia has on oceans and coastal spaces such as the National Policy of the Ocean and Coastal Spaces (PNOEC by its acronym in Spanish) and the CONPES “Colombia Sustainable Bioceanic Power 2030” (CONPES 3990 by its acronym in Spanish) turn out to be strategic tools that help to complement those gaps found. Through this article, a diagnosis of the panorama of MSP in Colombia is made regarding the implementation of plans and projects that the Decade can develop and strengthen in the country. For which a bibliographic review of the main policies and instruments of Marine-Coastal Planning in Colombia was carried out.

Remote Sensing of Narrowing Barrier Islands along the Coast of Pakistan over Past 30 Years

Barrier islands (BIs) are the first line of defense against the sea/wave actions in coastal areas, and assessing their stability is crucial in the context of effective coastal planning. Therefore, this study evaluates the spatial–temporal shoreline changes of the BIs in Pakistan over the past three decades (1989–2018). Satellite data from Landsat missions are used to delineate the shorelines of 19 BIs in Pakistan. After delineating the shorelines from satellite observations, two well-known statistical methods (i.e., end point rate (EPR) and linear regression rate (LRR)) are used to capture the localized changes in the BIs. The results ascertain that nearly all of the BIs have experienced noteworthy erosion during the past three decades. While the mean erosion over all the BIs during the study period is estimated to be >6 m/y, significant spatial heterogeneities among the individual BIs exist. The interdecadal comparison indicates that the highest mean erosion of the BIs occurred during the period 1989–1999 (13.03 ± 0.62 m/y), which gradually reduced over the preceding decades (i.e., 7.76 ± 0.62 m/y during the period 1999–2009 and 3.8 ± 0.7 m/y during the period 2009–2018). Nevertheless, ~65% of the total BIs experienced high erosion (>2 m/y), ~15% experienced moderate (<2 m/y), and ~20% experienced low erosion (<1 m/y) during the period 1989-2018. This situation implies that while ~65% of these BIs need immediate interventions from the concerned authorities, the 15% BIs with moderate erosion might experience high erosion in the wake of rising sea levels and decreasing sediment influx in the near future without proper measures. This depletion of the BIs might not only affect Pakistan but also have regional consequences due to their various services.

Vulnerabilidade socioambiental como base para a gestão costeira no município de Paracuru – Ceará

A geografia desempenha um papel importante quando existem trabalhos que tentam relacionar sociedade e natureza, estabelecendo formas (ou variáveis) para qualificar os elementos que compõem a paisagem. Neste trabalho, o objetivo foi aplicar a classificação da vulnerabilidade socioambiental adaptada de Medeiros e Souza (2016), com contribuições de Milanezi e Pereira (2016), como forma de contribuir com a gestão costeira de Paracuru- Ceará. Paracuru é um município costeiro, em que estão presentes diversos ambientes e três Unidades de Conservação Estaduais localizados no rio Curu e nas dunas de Paracuru. Para a análise, sobrepôs-se o mapa de vulnerabilidade ambiental (gerado a partir dos mapas de unidades geoambientais e de uso e ocupação) e de vulnerabilidade social, utilizando 17 variáveis incluídas no cálculo do índice organizados por setores censitários, menor unidade amostral. Foi observado trechos de vulnerabilidade socioambiental alta no setor próximo do rio Curu, na localidade de Santa Rita, com área de interseção de 2,3km² sede urbana localidade denominada de 2,3km² de interseção e setor 16, nas localidades de Muriti, Córrego do Curu e Pedrinhas, com interseção de aproximadamente 800 m². Nas dunas a sobreposição foi predominante de vulnerabilidade ambiental alta e vulnerabilidade social média – alta. Espera-se que as informações possam indicar os ambientes e seções da cidade que são mais suscetíveis e que essas áreas precisam de maior proteção. Socio-environmental vulnerability as a basis for coastal management in the municipality of Paracuru - CearáA B S T R A C TGeography makes an important role when there are works that try to relate society and nature, establishing forms (or variables) to qualify the elements that make up the landscape. In this work, the objective was to apply the classification of socio-environmental vulnerability adapted from Medeiros and Souza (2016), with contributions from Milanezi and Pereira (2016), as a way to contribute to the coastal management of Paracuru-Ceará. Paracuru is a coastal municipality, where there are several environments and three State Conservation Units located on the Curu River and on the Paracuru dunes. For the analysis, the map of environmental vulnerability (generated from the maps of geoenvironmental units and of use and occupation) and social vulnerability was superimposed, using 17 variables included in the calculation of the index organized by census sectors, the smallest sample unit. It was observed stretches of high socio-environmental vulnerability in the sector in the APA of the Curu River, in the locality of Santa Rita, with an intersection area of 2.3 km², in the urban headquarters, places called plateau da barra and secondary carnaubinha 3.1 km² intersection and sector 16, in the localities of Muriti, Córrego do Curu and Pedrinhas, with an intersection of approximately 800 m². In the dunes, the overlap was predominant of high environmental vulnerability and medium - high social vulnerability. It is hoped that the information can serve as a basis for indicating the paths that management should follow to achieve sustainability.Keywords: Landscape, socio-environmental vulnerability, coastal planning.