ABOUT SOME FEATURES OF EDUCATION AND SEQUENTIAL STEPS IN EXAMINITIONS FOR THE DRIVING LICENCE

В статье представлены динамика аварийности вследствие нарушения правил дорожного движения водителями в возрастной группе 16-19 лет, включая относительные показатели, а также краткий анализ программ профессиональной подготовки водителей транспортных средств в контексте выделения особенностей обучения несовершеннолетних кандидатов, рассмотрен зарубежный опыт подготовки несовершеннолетних водителей на примере Норвегии. The article presents the dynamics of accidents due to violations of traffic rules by drivers in the age group of 16-19 years old, including the relative indicators, presents a brief analysis of vocational training programs for drivers of vehicles in context of the features of training young drivers, including Norway experience.

Individual Prevention in Criminal Procedure

This article explores the possibility of using criminal procedure and its measures for individual prevention of crime. The author tries to look at criminal procedure in an abstract way, not focusing on any concrete legal system. It is argued that the criminal process is traditionally reactive and this should not change. However, some measures of criminal procedure (arrest, pretrial detention, house arrest, suspension of driving licence, suspension at work) may be used as instruments of individual prevention when they are the best or only measures available and their application will not prejudice the case against the accused. Their use must be accompanied by relevant safeguards and allowed only if necessary and proportional.

Walking in the city: seniors’ experience in Canada and France

This chapter defines mobility in Canada and other Western countries as the ability to move between different activity sites, which tends to decrease past 65 years old for all modes of transportation. It discusses seniors' mobility that is characterized by a decrease in the number of trips and distances travelled to reach those activity sites and worsened by the loss of their driving licence. It also describes walking as an alternative mode of travel to nearby destinations and its promotion is a way to perpetuate seniors' socialization and greater autonomy. The chapter looks at a recent article on accessibility to retail activities in Spain that highlighted the importance of taking into account seniors in mobility planning. It emphasizes that the encouragement to walk should be based on an assessment of the safety and comfort of built urban environments in order to better document the adequacy between the walking environment and the needs and travel habits of elderly pedestrians.

Mutual Recognition of Driving Licences in the EU – Current State of Integration and Perspectives

A driving licence is a document and an administrative act, which is, according to the principle of territoriality, only valid in the territory of the issuing State. This is incompatible with practical needs of international traffic, and mutual recognition helps to overcome the problem. This article presents the development of mutual recognition of driving licences in the EU, from pre-existing public international law to current harmonising legislation and the relevant ECJ jurisprudence. It finds that once there was sufficient harmonisation, the ECJ promoted mutual recognition, while the EU legislator had to close the loopholes for 'driving licence tourism' by amending the directives. Unlike in other areas of the internal market, primary law never played an important role for the mutual recognition of driving licences. Determining the current state of integration, the article identifies a lack of information exchange between Member States and a lack of harmonisation of sanctions as main obstacles for full, unconditional recognition, and proposes ways leading towards an 'internal market of driving licences'.