Novel Computerized Method for Automated Determination of Ventilatory Threshold and Respiratory Compensation Point

Introduction: The ventilatory threshold (named as VT1) and the respiratory compensation point (named as VT2) describe prominent changes of metabolic demand and exercise intensity domains during an incremental exercise test.Methods: A novel computerized method based on the optimization method was developed for automatically determining VT1 and VT2 from expired air during a progressive maximal exercise test. A total of 109 peak cycle tests were performed by members of the US astronaut corps (74 males and 35 females). We compared the automatically determined VT1 and VT2 values against the visual subjective and independent analyses of three trained evaluators. We also characterized VT1 and VT2 and the respective absolute and relative work rates and distinguished differences between sexes.Results: The automated compared to the visual subjective values were analyzed for differences with t test, for agreement with Bland–Altman plots, and for equivalence with a two one-sided test approach. The results showed that the automated and visual subjective methods were statistically equivalent, and the proposed approach reliably determined VT1 and VT2 values. Females had lower absolute O2 uptake, work rate, and ventilation, and relative O2 uptake at VT1 and VT2 compared to men (p ≤ 0.04). VT1 and VT2 occurred at a greater relative percentage of their peak VO2 for females (67 and 88%) compared to males (55 and 74%; main effect for sex: p < 0.001). Overall, VT1 occurred at 58% of peak VO2, and VT2 occurred at 79% of peak VO2 (p < 0.0001).Conclusion: Improvements in determining of VT1 and VT2 by automated analysis are time efficient, valid, and comparable to subjective visual analysis and may provide valuable information in research and clinical practice as well as identifying exercise intensity domains of crewmembers in space.

Aplikasi Penentuan Kelayakan Penerima Kredit pada Kopdit Swasti Sari Menggunakan Metode Profile Matching

KSP Kopdit Swasti Sari is one of the credit cooperatives in East Nusa Tenggara. One of the activities carried out by the KSP Kopdit Swasti Sari to improve the welfare of its members is to provide credit to provide credit to its members. However, the credit service procedure at the KSP Kopdit Swasti Sari is still not effective and efficient. Therefore, the KSP Kopdit Swasti Sari requires a computerized method in order to streamline its performance. The profile matching method in a decision support system is one method that can be applied to provide solutions to existing problems. This system is able to determine which members are eligible for credit. Besides, it also makes it easier for members in administrative processes such as registration and transactions.

Variability Inter-observer between Three Methods of Electrocardiographic (Conventional, Computerized and Computerized Printed) on Healthy Cats

Background: Electrocardiography is an exam widely used in feline medicine. It consists of recording the electrical activity of the heart in waves representing myocardial depolarization and repolarization. Two electrocardiographic evaluation methods are employed in dogs and cats: computerized and conventional. However, possible differences in ECG results performed by the different methods have been reported. This paper aims to evaluate the observer's interference in the interpretation of the electrocardiographic exams and possible differences between the methods: conventional single channel, computerized screen and computerized printed of healthy cats.Materials, Methods & Results: Electrocardiographic tracings were obtained from 58 healthy cats, aged between 1 and 10 years-old, of both sexes, of the Persian and mixed breed and therefore interpreted by four observers with similar degree of experience. The examinations were performed in a sequential manner, the computerized method first, and then the conventional method. The animals were gently contained in the right lateral decubitus position. The tracings obtained by the conventional method were printed on thermally sensitive graph paper. The computerized method was performed in computer by means of specific software (TEB® ECGPC version 6.2), being the waves delimited by the observer. The tracings were also printed by means of a jet printer, and also interpreted. The morphology of P waves, QRS complexes and T waves were analyzed in the derivations: I, II, III, aVR, aVL and aVF. Heart rate, amplitude and duration of the P, QRS and T waves, PR, QT and heart rate (HR) intervals were calculated in derivation II. Mean electric axis was determined in leads I and III. Comparing the methods, there was a difference observed in the values of P and R waves, QRS complex, QT and PR intervals and T wave polarity. The interpretation of the evaluators presented statistical differences in the duration of the P wave, QRS, QT and HR. The three methods used presented differences during the mean of the interpretation of the evaluators.Discussion: Some factors such as the positioning of the animal and the use of chemical containment may influence the electrocardiographic tracings, as well as variations between electrocardiographic devices. In our study, the non-use of sedation and the use of the same equipment in all animals reduced the variability of the results. The interpretation of the computerized method printed and on the screen presented different results which can be explained by the reduced human visual capacity when compared to the computers. It is known that the interpretation of different tracings by the observers might influence the results of the examination. The evaluators of the present study evaluated the same tracings, but there was a difference in the interpretation of the observers. Regarding the methods, there was a difference between the three methods evaluated in relation to the ST segment. The computerized on-screen method demonstrated in its totality isoelectric ST segments that represent normal pattern for the species. The conventional and computerized printed methods presented results of elevation in ST segments that represent alterations in the diagnosis. There was a difference between the measurements performed by different observers, however this fact did not influence the results of the tests, since the parameters remained within the normality standards for species. It can be concluded that the variation between observers and among the three methods evaluated suggests that the ST segment interpretation is subtle and less influenced when performed in the computerized method.

Entry Monitoring System

In many times we have encountered the entry of strangers pretending as parents, entering into college premises and creating issues. To avoid these kinds of issues, security guards and surveillance cameras alone are not enough and this cannot be controlled unless the entry of people record is computerized and details of the person are recorded. In this computerized system, software is created to enter the details and the reason for the visitor to visit. In this software, the details of the visitor will be updated in a secure manner and be stored for any future reference. If the visitors have vehicles, the vehicle details are also should be given in the request page. In this computerized method, all the details will be given in prior by the guest and will be saved securely for future reference. The entry monitoring system will import details from the administrative data processing office, the affirmed work power database as an essential inquiry table. In the end, we can know all the details about the visitors like their purpose to visit, the person they like to meet, the duration of their stay inside the campus, everything stored in our database securely in case of ant future needs.

Clinical occlusion analysis versus semi-adjustable articulator and virtual articulator occlusion analysis

Background and aims. Identifying the optimal method for occlusion analysis by comparing examination sensitivity of the static and dynamic occlusion using three systems: clinical occlusion analysis, semi-adjustable articulator and virtual articulator (3Shape, Denmark) occlusion analysis. Methods. The occlusion analysis of sixteen patients was performed using the three systems. In order to analyze the number of concordant and discordant points and trajectories, the clinical method was compared to the semi-adjustable articulator and to the computerized method. Results. The greatest correspondence was obtained by comparing the clinical and the articulator methods, having a success rate of 85.25%, versus the clinical and the computerized method with a success rate of 73.25%. The propulsion registered the highest discrepancies: 35% in case of the semi-adjustable articulator comparison and 62% in case of the virtual articulator comparison. Conclusions. The semi-adjustable articulator was superior in static and dynamic occlusion analysis compared to the virtual articulator. The analysis of the dynamic occlusion is the most problematic due to its dependency on the individual anatomy of the glenoid fossa which cannot be exactly reproduced by any articulator.