Specifics of criminal liability for a brutal and premeditated murder under the criminal legislation of some foreign countries

The article is dedicated to research on criminal liability for a brutal and premeditated murder under the criminal legislation of some foreign countries. It determines the principal trends in inflicting punishment for this type of an aggravated premeditated murder. It explains that the states of continental Europe and the countries of the Anglo-Saxon legal system have no common approach to incorporating a characteristic of a premeditated murder such as «extreme brutality» in their criminal legislations. It shows that the relevant characteristic is represented by a full scope of extreme brutality in the criminal laws of some states; other countries define just some aspects of extreme brutality; yet in a number of countries, extreme brutality is not defined as an aggravating circumstance of a murder at all. In other countries, although extreme brutality is not defined as a qualification, the elements of a crime are defined as a premeditated murder committed in a brutal way. Keywords: a premeditated murder, an aggravating circumstance, extreme brutality, criminal liability, foreign legislation, legal systems, punishment

L’espiritualitat de sant Vicent Ferrer en el context de la seua època

Resum: L’objectiu de l’article és situar l’espiritualitat de sant Vicent Ferrer en el context crític de la seua época, i mostrar com eaquell context condiciona la major part de les característiques de la seua espiritualitat, que té en la predicació de l’Evangeli el seu tret més característic i que aglutina tota la seua vida i la seua doctrina.Paraules clau: espiritualitat tardomedieval, sant Vicent Ferrer, context històric.Abstract: The aim of this article is to analyze the spirituality of Saint Vicent Ferrer within the crisis context of his time, and to show how this context influenced most properties of his spirituality; particulary, as his most relevant characteristic, his evangelic preaching, which summarizes his life and doctrine.Keywords: late medieval spirituality, saint Vincent Ferrer, historical context.

Newspaper Reporting of Migrants in England 1851–1911: Spatial and Temporal Perspectives

England in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries was no stranger to migrants and, inevitably, migrants were not always warmly received. They were often stigmatised for their perceived differences of language, religion and behaviour, and were blamed for a range of social ills including crime and low wages. In this article I examine print news reporting in six English port cities from c1850 to 1911. I focus on the ways in which crime reporting in particular characterised both offenders and victims, and the extent to which migrant origin was considered a relevant characteristic to report. It is argued that for the most part migrant origin was not widely mentioned in crime reports in regional newspapers, though there were periods when migrant origin was increasingly foregrounded and these coincided with times when migration to England was becoming increasingly politicised, especially before and immediately after the passing of the Aliens Act in 1905.

Purepecha, a Polysynthetic but Predominantly Dependent-Marking Language

Purepecha (language isolate, Mexico) has one relevant characteristic that leads to identifying it as a polysynthetic language: productive verbal morphology (in particular locative suffixes). Purepecha is a predominantly dependent-marking language, as its pronominal markers are enclitics, generally second position enclitics. But, in some contexts Purepecha shows head-marking characteristics. Today, pronominal enclitics exhibit variation, tending to move to the rightmost position in the clause; they may encliticize to the predicate itself, showing a head-attraction or polypersonalism strategy and making Purepecha more polysynthetic. But this language lacks noun incorporation. Purepecha has three types of non-finite clause: two subordinate clauses (non-finite complement clauses and purpose clauses) and a syntactically independent clause (the chain-medial clause). This seemingly inconsistent situation (characterized by a correlation of different properties, some of which have not been identified as polysynthetic) calls for addressing the typological classification of Purepecha among the polysynthetic languages.

Localized Scleroderma: Predisposing and Triggering Factors

The etiology of localized scleroderma remains unclear. The objective of this article is to review different theories of etiology, specifically provocative and predisposing factors for the development of localized scleroderma. The mini-review presents the factors, which may influence the occurrence of localized scleroderma. The genetic predisposition for the development of scleroderma is a relevant characteristic of the disease. Different traumatic factors, viral & bacterial infections, chemical substances, pharmaceutical agents may trigger localized scleroderma. Neoplasia is regarded as a distinct triggering impulse for scleroderma.

Contextual Douglas-Peucker Simplification

In this paper, we develop a constrained Douglas-Peucker algorithm using a polyline to be simplified and other geometries as contextual constraints. We develop a contextual model that incrementally rewinds to the original polyline with relevant characteristic vertices to resolve contextual conflicts. Constraints cov ered in this paper are topology and direction. Our implementation shows a consistent representation and a technique to accelerate multi-scale simplification of polylines.

Aplicación del Inventario de Trastornos de la Alimentación (EDI) en Estudiantes de Salud

Introducción: En los últimos 30 años, la anorexia y la bulimia nerviosa han adquirido especial relevancia como proceso patológico en las mujeres adolescentes y en adultos jóvenes sin exclusión socioeconómica. Objetivo: Identificar las características psicológicas y comportamentales relacionadas con trastornos alimenticios en universitarias de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud en Cartagena de Indias. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal. El muestreo fue de 150 mujeres de programas de pregrado de la Facultad De Salud de la Corporación Universitaria Rafael Núñez de Cartagena de Indias. Se utilizó la escala de Inventario de Desórdenes Alimentarios (EDI) que consta de 8 subescalas: impulso a la delgadez, sintomatología bulímica, insatisfacción corporal, inefectividad y baja autoestima, perfeccionismo, desconfianza interpersonal, conciencia interoceptiva y miedo a afrontar la vida adulta. Resultados: En odontología, se presentó una tendencia por el impulso hacia la delgadez en un 14.4% de las participantes, en bacteriología, se dio sintomatología bulímica en 5.8%, también en odontología se presentó un rasgo de insatisfacción corporal en un 15%, y en medicina, inefectividad y baja autoestima en un 9%. Además, en bacteriología, se evidenció el rasgo de perfeccionismo en un 19.1%; y en medicina, el miedo a afrontar la vida adulta en un 23.9%. Conclusión: el temor de enfrentar la vida adulta era la característica más relevante entre los estudiantes.ABSTRACTIntroduction: Anorexia and bulimia nervosa have gained particular relevance as pathological process in adolescent women and in young adults without socioeconomic exclusion, in the last 30 years. Objective: To identify the psychological and behavioral features associated with students who develop eating disorders in the faculty of Health Sciences in universities from Cartagena de Indias. Materials and Methods: Cross sectional descriptive study was applied. The sampling was of 150 women from undergraduate programs of the Faculty of Health at Rafael Nuñez University from Cartagena de Indias. A scale for eating disorders inventory method (EDI) was applied. This one, consists of 8 subscales: momentum to thinness, bulimic symptomatology, body dissatisfaction, ineffectiveness and low self-esteem, perfectionism, interpersonal distrust and fear of confronting the adult life Results: In odontology, a tendency to the momentum to thinness in 14.4% of the participants was evident, and a feature of corporal dissatisfaction appeared in 15% as well. In bacteriology, bulimic symptomatology was shown in 5.8% and the perfectionism feature was shown in 19.1%. In medicine, ineffectiveness and low self-esteem in 9%; in both bacteriology and medicine, the fear of confronting adult life was the most relevant characteristic among students. Conclusion: the fear of confronting adult life was the most relevant characteristic among students.