The Economic Dimension of Labour Migration Cauvery Delta Zone in Tamil Nadu, India

Majority are international migrant and interstate migrants, majority (75%) of the respondents in the age groups (21 to 40) migrated to different places like Thiruppur, Coimbatore, Chennai, Kerala and Saudi, Arabia, Dubai, Mascot, Malaysia, and Singapore. Main reasons for migration are low wages, unemployment debt due to failure in agriculture due to lack of rains, more employment opportunities in the destination place and more jobs and a handsome salary which leads to improvement of the living conditions.Such pull and push factors encourage emigration to high-income countries experiencing labour shortages. Emigration has different impacts on sending country and destination country. Low wages and rain-fed agriculture in the native place have been found the economic factors leading to migration, while poverty, poor civic amenities, leading a poor life, high aspirations and demonstration effect were social and psychological factors resulting to migration. Lesser storage of water in delta region consequent on insufficient rainfall in the catchment area does not allow the farmers to Cauvery Delta Zone. Keywords: Labor migration, Employment, income and Cauvery Delta Zone

The Impacts of Obesity Related to the Stressors of Nurses

In the era of globalization, the distribution of work activities, increased competitiveness in the labor market and fear of unemployment end up inducing workers to submit to terrible working conditions, with low wages, moral and sexual harassment, accumulation of functions, load excessive hours, among others. These factors can contribute to an imbalance in the emotional state, eating pattern, physical activity routine, sleep and, thus, leading to the emergence of psychological and metabolic diseases [1].

Why Students Don't Study and Employers Don't Pay High Salaries?

The article examines the behavior of students and employers as a bimatrix game. With the tools of game theory, it is generally proven that the optimal strategy for employers is to pay low wages, and for students – not to study or to study too little. These two strategies form the Nash’s equilibrium in pure strategies. No specific numbers were used in the evidence, but only plausible assumptions about the relationships between the used parameters. This generalizes the conclusions made in the general case of higher education. Such a study of the question using game theory has not been done yet.

Articulations of workplace precarity: Challenging the politics of segmentation in warehouse logistics

As critical nodes for global commodity flows, warehouses are an important example of segmented labour regimes which partition workers into groups with different conditions of security or its opposite, precarity. An emerging literature on warehouse work has tended to place segmentation in the context of managerial despotism based upon low wages, high labour turnover and job insecurity. However, the literature has, thus far, tended to pay comparatively less attention to workers’ collective resistance and its relationship to intra-labour divisions reproduced through segmentation. In refocusing attention to this problem, this article addresses the theoretical status of intra-labour groups, the nature of horizontal worker-to-worker relations, and their interaction with workers’ social identities and vertical capital–labour relations. It argues that the Gramscian concept of articulation provides the most promising frame for understanding these networked relations and for addressing how the politics of segmentation can be challenged by building common cause among divided workers.

Is There a Gender Imbalance in the Italian Labor Market?

Women who decide to enter the labor market should, at least in theory, have access to any profession. Actually, it is something that does not always happen and their ambitions are relegated to few jobs (i.e., teachers, nurses, cashiers,) often linked to social stereotypes characterized by low wages, tasks that are inappropriate to their educational qualifications and of course with few career prospects. All that creates a gender imbalance of individuals in the labor market known as segregation. The objective of this paper is to focus on the aforementioned issue through a qualitative and quantitative survey based on the analysis of statistical indicators compared in two years (2009 and 2020), taking into account the social variations of the time span that elapses between the two years observed. The results show that gender employment segregation has been opposed over time, but not adequately resolved by concrete policies that can counter the phenomenon under consideration. Therefore, it is not enough to increase women's employment without pursuing a path of qualitative growth in women's work.

Migration and human rights

The article describes the correlation between migration and human rights in the Republic of Moldova. Today migration is considered a great problem for Moldova. The country is facing poverty, lack of jobs, Moldovans are forced to go abroad, hoping to find not only a more profitable job, but also a safe living environment. The Republic of Moldova is facing a crisis of wage labour, which results from a combination of factors such as mass emigration for work, very low wages, undeclared payment, poor negotiation power of employees within enterprises, the feeling of injustice among employees. Violation of employees rights causes many workers to go abroad in search of a better place to work and live.

Shoring up economic refugees: Venezuelan migrants in the Ecuadoran labor market

Ecuador became the third largest receiver of the 4.3 million Venezuelans who left their country in the last five years, hosting around 10 per cent of them. Little is known about the characteristics of these migrants and their labor market outcomes. This article fills this gap by analyzing a new large survey (EPEC). On average, Venezuelan workers are highly skilled and have high rates of employment, compared with Ecuadorans. However, their employment is of much lower quality, characterized by low wages, and high rates of informality and temporality. Venezuelans have experienced significant occupational downgrading, relative to their employment prior to emigration. As a result, despite their high educational attainment, Venezuelans primarily compete for jobs with the least skilled and more economically vulnerable Ecuadoran workers. Our simulations suggest that measures that allow Venezuelans to obtain employment that matches their skills, such as facilitating the conversion of education credentials, would increase Ecuador’s GDP between 1.6 and 1.9 per cent and alleviate the pressure on disadvantaged native workers. We also show that providing work permits to Venezuelan workers would substantially reduce their rates of informality and increase their average earnings.

Talent on Strike: The Musicians’ Union and the Early Agonies of the Creative Class

In November 1865, the membership of New York City's Musical Mutual Protective Union went on strike. Spurred by low wages and professional disrespect, union men came together around an ensemble ethic emphasizing mutual obligation among players. This powerful code of conduct—enforced through the union's internal structure and the musicians’ employment model—sustained several weeks of strike action in the face of public indifference. It also pushed musicians to close their ranks and ensured the homogeneity of the orchestra pit. The strike invites us to historicize the “creative economy,” with equal attention to the material conditions of workers and the durable conceptual categories created by the culture industries.

Labor Monopsony in the United States

Most labor markets are monopsonistic, meaning that employers have market power and can suppress wages below the competitive rate. Among the various sources of market power is concentration: the usually small number of employers who compete to offer a type of job to workers. At one time, economists assumed that labor markets were competitive, and largely ignored the phenomenon of labor market concentration. Recent empirical work, relying on newly available databases, has established that labor market concentration is a serious problem in the United States and may account for a wide range of pathologies, including low wages, inequality, and stagnant economic growth.

The Failure of Antitrust

Antitrust law has frequently been used by private individuals and the government to challenge anticompetitive behavior by sellers of goods and services. It has rarely been used to penalize firms for engaging in anticompetitive behavior against workers. Yet labor monopsony is common. Recent work by economists and recent events show that employers frequently engage in anticompetitive acts, including no-poaching agreements, wage fixing, misclassification of workers as independent contractors, and the imposition of covenants not to compete on employees. For a variety of historical, intellectual, and practical reasons, courts have been reluctant to find in favor of workers who challenge employers on antitrust grounds. As a result, labor markets are uncompetitive, resulting in low wages and reduced output.