Quasi-liquid crystals of electrons and positrons

A new statistical analysis of infrared synchrotron radiation (IR-SR)emitted by electrons and positrons at DAΦNE Φ-Factory (Frascati) and Bessy 2(Berlin) reveals inner degrees of freedom within bunches of relativistic particles.We thus propose a new methodological approach towards a theory that describesthe passage from a phase of maximum symmetry to a condensed phase having thequalities of a nematic mesophase of positrons and electrons.

Quasi-liquid crystals of electrons and positrons

This work concerns the discovery of a time-domain "anomaly" in the Infra-Red synchrotron radiation spectra emitted by electrons and positrons from both the DA NE -Factory (Frascati National Laboratories, Italy) and HFL (Hefei Light Source at NSRL(National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, People’s Republic of China). The study was conducted with the SHT unconventional statistical category calculus system, developed and patented by the present author for the analysis of complex systems. The anomaly found in the IR synchrotron radiation emission profile of each single bunch of electrons and positrons, has been resolved by SHT analysis in two distinct waveform components, one of which is "delayed" by a few hundred of ps with respect to the other. A detailed and in-depth analysis excludes that the anomaly is the result of systematic errors The measured time differences between the two signals leads to an apparent discrepancy in the value of the speed of light in a vacuum. A deep time series analysis of the anomaly, based on considerations on the coherent emission of synchrotron radiation (CSR), demonstrates the existence of a distribution of structures and degrees of freedom inside a bunch of particles. This evidence is in contrast with the "rigid bunch" model (J. Schwinger 1945). We therefore pro- pose a model called "CFNM" (Coherent Fractal Nematic Mesophase), which describes the transition from a phase of maximum symmetry to a condensed phase, homologous to the nematic mesophase of liquid crystals. This model could have significant consequences in the study, modeling and measurement of the operating parameters of future ma- chines and collectors of accelerators, in particular with regard to emission and brightness.

Complex electron and positron phases at the Φ-Factory DAΦNE

Particle accelerators play a fundamental role in many technological and scientific fields, both for fundamental research, as in the case of high-energy physics, and for interdisciplinary applications, such as in the case of synchrotron radiation sources or proton accelerators in medical field. Most accelerators have a critical frequency in the X-ray region: for example, in the case of the Φ-Factory DAΦNE at Frascati National Laboratories, λc falls into soft X-rays, for a wavelength of about 6 nm. This feature is important for diagnostic applications that generally employ frequencies in the visible region, where it is easier to design focusing optics. This work concerns the discovery of a time-domain "anomaly" in the Infra-Red synchrotron radiation emitted by electrons and positrons from both the DAΦNE Φ-Factory (Frascati National Laboratories, Italy) and HFL (Hefei Light Source at NSRL(National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, People’s Republic of China). The study was conducted with an unconventional statistical category calculus system, developed and patented by the present author for the analysis of complex systems. The "anomaly" has been resolved in the IR synchrotron radiation emission profile of each single bunch of electrons and positrons, in two distinct waveforms, one of which is "delayed" by a few hundred of ps with respect to the other. A detailed and in-depth analysis excludes that the anomaly is the result of systematic errors The measured time differences between the two signals leads to an apparent discrepancy in the value of the speed of light in vacuum. A study of the anomaly with time series, based on considerations about the coherent emission of synchrotron radiation (CSR), allows us to exclude the validity of the "rigid bunch" model (J. Schwinger 1945) We therefore propose a model called "CFNM" (Coherent Fractal Nematic Mesophase), based on considerations of statistical mechanics of complex systems, exploiting the (strong) analogies with the nematic mesophase of liquid crystals. This model could have significant consequences in the study, modeling and measurement of the operating parameters of future machines and collectors of accelerators, in particular with regard to emission and brightness.

Synthesis and characterization of a nematic fully aromatic polyester based on biphenyl 3,4′-dicarboxylic acid

Fully-aromatic homopolyester based on biphenyl 3,4′-bibenzoate facilitated a nematic mesophase and restricted crystallization.

Investigating the Cusp between the nano- and macro-sciences in supermolecular liquid-crystalline twist-bend nematogens

In this article we report the first known linear liquid-crystalline hexamer and in doing so demonstrate that higher oligomers and main chain polymers, with chemical structures based upon dimers and bimesogens, can exhibit the topical twist-bend ‘nematic’ mesophase.