Estimation of the anthropogenic aerosol emission effect on the rate of summer warming in Europe

A relationship between aerosol air pollutions and summer air temperatures in Europe was studied. High correlation coefficients between the latitudinal distributions of the zone-averaged trends of the mentioned parameters were found. The potential effects of decrease in the aerosol emission on the cloud optical depth, in the air temperature, and the amount of precipitation in the territory of Europe were estimated on the basis of the obtained regression equations. It was shown that due to the aerosol emission decrease, the average summer temperature in Europe in 2000–2020 could increase by 0.53 °С, which is ~73 % of total summer warming in the region. The empirical estimates obtained in the work were confirmed by the satellite observation data and the numerical calculations of changes in radiation balance components at the top of the atmosphere. It was shown that the radiation emission decrease in the territory of Europe could increase the average radiation balance in Europe in summer months by 2.27 W/m², which is ~65 % of its total change. The increase in the carbon dioxide content in the atmosphere during the same period contributed much less to the observed change in the radiation balance (17.5 %), which supports the hypothesis about the dominant role of aerosols in summer warming in Europe.

An introduction to gravitational waves through electrodynamics: a quadrupole comparison

We present a pedagogical introduction to some key computations in gravitational waves via a side-by-side comparison with the quadrupole contribution of electromagnetic radiation. Subtleties involving gauge choices and projections over transverse modes in the tensorial theory are made clearer by direct analogy with the vectorial counterpart. The power emitted by the quadrupole moment in both theories is computed, and the similarities as well as the origins of eventual discrepancies are discussed. Finally, we analyze the stability of bound systems under radiation emission, and discuss how the strength of the interactions can be established this way. We use the results to impose an anthropic bound on Newton's constant of order G < 3×104 Gobs, which is on par with similar constraints from stellar formation.

Geometric Mediator Structures, Transition Dynamics and Force Constants

It is shown in the present work that the distorted-space model of matter can describe conventional force-constants and transition-mediator structures. We use the verbiage “distorted” to communicate the concept of “energetic warping” to distinguish “spatial warping” from “classical matter warping”, although the concept of “matter” is in fact, in the present context, the “geometric distortion energy” of the spatial manifold itself without a classical “matter stressenergy source”. The “distorted-geometry” structures exhibit non-Newtonian features wherein the hole or core-region fields of the structures are energetically-repulsive (negative pressure), do not behave functionally in an r -4 manner and terminate at zero at the radial origin (no singularity). Near the core of the distortion the magnetic fields dominate the energy-densities of the structures thereby departing from classical particle-structure descriptions. Black-body radiation-emission and structural modeling lead to a description of transition dynamics and photonic entities.

Geometric Mediator Structures, Transition Dynamics and Force Constants

It is shown in the present work that the distorted-space model of matter can describe conventional force-constants and transition-mediator structures. We use the verbiage “distorted” to communicate the concept of “energetic warping” to distinguish “spatial warping” from “classical matter warping”, although the concept of “matter” is in fact, in the present context, the “geometric distortion energy” of the spatial manifold itself without a classical “matter stressenergy source”. The “distorted-geometry” structures exhibit non-Newtonian features wherein the hole or core-region fields of the structures are energetically-repulsive (negative pressure), do not behave functionally in an r -4 manner and terminate at zero at the radial origin (no singularity). Near the core of the distortion the magnetic fields dominate the energy-densities of the structures thereby departing from classical particle-structure descriptions. Black-body radiation-emission and structural modeling lead to a description of transition dynamics and photonic entities.

Geometric Mediator Structures, Transition Dynamics and Force Constants

It is shown in the present work that the distorted-space model of matter can describe conventional force-constants and transition-mediator structures. We use the verbiage “distorted” to communicate the concept of “energetic warping” to distinguish “spatial warping” from “classical matter warping”, although the concept of “matter” is in fact, in the present context, the “geometric distortion energy” of the spatial manifold itself without a classical “matter stressenergy source”. The “distorted-geometry” structures exhibit non-Newtonian features wherein the hole or core-region fields of the structures are energetically-repulsive (negative pressure), do not behave functionally in an r -4 manner and terminate at zero at the radial origin (no singularity). Near the core of the distortion the magnetic fields dominate the energy-densities of the structures thereby departing from classical particle-structure descriptions. Black-body radiation-emission and structural modeling lead to a description of transition dynamics and photonic entities.

THE POSIBILITY OF TRIPLE DETONATION IN WHITE DWARFS

The induced γ-ray emissions are considered in contact cataclysmic binary systems with strong magnetic fields near white dwarfs and companion’s stars’ components. He-C-O atoms in white dwarf’s atmospheres collide with flows falling to poles as a magnetic column. Near white dwarf’s surface the falling flows with speed reaches 3 ∙ 10 6 m /s and creates sufficient conditions for nuclear γ-radiation emission. The cross sections of nuclear γ-radiation emission are presented in 0.1 – 150 MeV energy intervals depending on the colliding atoms and particles. The mass loss from binary components is of the order of ̇ ≈ (10 −11 − 10 −7 )Msun. We considered the collisions of p – He, α – He, p – C, α – C, p – N, α – N, p – O, α – O, C – He, C – C, C – N, C – O, N – He, N – C, N – N, N – O, O – He, O – C, O – N, and O – O types. Monochromatic energy luminosities Lγ in the above energy intervals for different modes in cataclysmic systems were calculated taking into account the loss of mass M , chemical composition and dynamics of fluxes incident on the magnetic poles. We found the dependencies between Lγ and chemical composition and calibrated the synthetic γ-spectra in the above pointed energy intervals. It has been concluded that power flyers are detected from p-p detonation in surface layers in white dwarf’s atmospheres. From calculation we estimated that p-p detonation time scale is in frame of the 0.07-0.1 sec. From which it is concluded that in some surface p-p explosions in the column of the magnetic field are produce significant number of positrons who has a sufficient probability to inject beyond the atmosphere of a white dwarf. It has been shown that the induce γ-ray spectroscopy together with positron spectroscopy are opens new possibilities for diagnostics of the flayers in AM Her polar system. The mechanism of triple detonation, which leads to the explosion of type I supernovae, is proposed. In this context, it is assumed that SN I type explosions occur in white dwarfs with masses not reaching the Chandrasekhar limit. The neutron formation in the matter that are in an explosive state after p-p detonation is considered separately.

Geometric Mediator Structures, Transition Dynamics and Force Constants

It is shown in the present work that the distorted-space model of matter can describe conventional force-constants and transition-mediator structures. We use the verbiage “distorted” to communicate the concept of “energetic warping” to distinguish “spatial warping” from “classical matter warping”, although the concept of “matter” is in fact, in the present context, the “geometric distortion energy” of the spatial manifold itself without a classical “matter stressenergy source”. The “distorted-geometry” structures exhibit non-Newtonian features wherein the hole or core-region fields of the structures are energetically-repulsive (negative pressure), do not behave functionally in an r -4 manner and terminate at zero at the radial origin (no singularity). Near the core of the distortion the magnetic fields dominate the energy-densities of the structures thereby departing from classical particle-structure descriptions. Black-body radiation-emission and structural modeling lead to a description of transition dynamics and photonic entities.

Geometric Mediator Structures, Transition Dynamics and Force Constants

It is shown in the present work that the distorted-space model of matter can describe conventional force-constants and transition-mediator structures. We use the verbiage “distorted” to communicate the concept of “energetic warping” to distinguish “spatial warping” from “classical matter warping”, although the concept of “matter” is in fact, in the present context, the “geometric distortion energy” of the spatial manifold itself without a classical “matter stress-energy source”. The “distorted-geometry” structures exhibit non-Newtonian features wherein the hole or core-region fields of the structures are energetically-repulsive (negative pressure), do not behave functionally in an r-4 manner and terminate at zero at the radial origin (no singularity). Near the core of the distortion the magnetic fields dominate the energy-densities of the structures thereby departing from classical particle-structure descriptions. Black-body radiation-emission and structural modeling lead to a description of transition dynamics and photonic entities.