Artificial versus biological intelligence in the Cosmos: clues from a stochastic analysis of the Drake equation

The Drake equation has been used many times to estimate the number of observable civilizations in the galaxy. However, the uncertainty of the outcome is so great that any individual result is of limited use, as predictions can range from a handful of observable civilizations in the observable universe to tens of millions per Milky Way-sized galaxy. A statistical investigation shows that the Drake equation, despite its uncertainties, delivers robust predictions of the likelihood that the prevalent form of intelligence in the universe is artificial rather than biological. The likelihood of artificial intelligence far exceeds the likelihood of biological intelligence in all cases investigated. This conclusion is contingent upon a limited number of plausible assumptions. The significance of this outcome for the Fermi paradox is discussed.

Psychosomatic Impediments: A Study of Lucy Christopher’s Novel Stolen

This paper entitled Psychosomatic Impediments: A Study of Lucy Christopher’s novel Stolen tries to venture the psychological problems of an individual result from the emotional problems of early childhood. It also traces how the fragmented childhood of an individual becomes a root cause for the psychological problems in adulthood. Through the character Ty in the novel Stolen, the problems of fragmented childhood is clearly analyzed in this paper.

PENGEMBANGAN PERANGKAT PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS PENDEKATAN SAINTIFIK MODEL GUIDED DISCOVERY DAN EFEKTIVITASNYA TERHADAP PENGUASAAN KONSEP BIOLOGI SISWA SMA NEGERI 1 BAYAN

The purposes of this research are 1) developing learning device based on scientific approach with model of guided discovery 2) knowing elegibility peripheral of study base on scientific approach model of guided discovery 3) Knowing effectiveness peripheral of study to ability domination biological concept. Development peripheral of study use model 4D from Tiagrajan S. Semmel & modified Semmel become three phase, that is phase of define, design, and development. Result of development peripheral study is hereinafter analysed to use formula of presentase adapted for mean the tables criterion result of validasi. To know effectiveness peripheral of study to domination biological concept, peripheral of study in aplicate limited group in SMAN 1 Bayan and analysed to use formula of presentase complete individual. Result of research show, peripheral of study base on scientific approach model of guided discovery categorized good (valid) and very good (very valid) competent so that used in course study of biology in SMAN 1 Bayan, and peripheral study can streamline ability of domination biological concept student.Keyword: Learning device, Scientific approach, Guided discovery, Mastery of biological concept