Evaluation of DNA-mediated electron transfer using a hole-trapping nucleobase under crowded conditions

The effects of a crowded environment on DNA-mediated electron transfer were evaluated using a pyrene-modified oligonucleotide containing a hole-trapping nucleobase in poly(ethylene glycol) mixed solutions. Rapid decompositions of hole-trapping bases...

Exact solutions and aysmptotic state analysis of a modified Toda lattice system with a perturbation parameter

Under consideration is a modified Toda lattice system with a perturbation parameter, which may describe the particle motion in a lattice. With the aid of symbolic computation Maple, the discrete generalized [Formula: see text]-fold Darboux transformation (DT) of this system is constructed for the first time. Different types of exact solutions are derived by applying the resulting DT through choosing different [Formula: see text]. Specifically, standard soliton solutions, rational solutions and their mixed solutions are given via the [Formula: see text]-fold DT, [Formula: see text]-fold DT and [Formula: see text]-fold DT, respectively. Limit states of various exact solutions are analyzed via the asymptotic analysis technique. Compared with the known results, we find that the asymptotic states of mixed solutions of standard soliton and rational solutions are consistent with the asymptotic analysis results of solitons and rational solutions alone. Soliton interaction and propagation phenomena are shown graphically. Numerical simulations are used to explore relevant soliton dynamical behaviors. These results and properties might be helpful for understanding lattice dynamics.

Resonance Y-shape Solitons and Mixed Solutions for a (2+1)-dimensional Generalized Caudrey-Dodd-Gibbon-Kotera-Sawada Equation in Fluid Mechanics

Under the well-known bilinear method of Hirota, the specific expression for N-soliton solutions of (2+1)-dimensional generalized Caudrey-Dodd-Gibbon-Kotera-Sawada(gCDGKS) equation in fluid mechanics is given. By defining a noval restrictive condition on N-soliton solutions, resonant Y-type and X-type soliton solutions are generated. Under the previous new constraints, combined with the velocity resonance method and module resonant method, the mixed solutions of resonant Y-type solitons and line waves, breather solutions are found. Finally, with the support of long wave limit method, the interaction between resonant Ytype solitons and higher-order lumps is shown, and the motion trajectory equation before and after the interaction between lumps and resonant Y-type solitons is derived.

New Mixed Solutions Generated By Velocity Resonance In The (2+1)-Dimensional Sawada-Kotera Equation

Based on the mixed solutions of the (2+1)-dimensional Sawada-Kotera equation, the collisions among lump waves, line waves, and breather waves are studied in this paper. By introducing new constraints, the lump wave does not collide with other waves forever. Under the condition of velocity resonance, the soliton molecules consisting of a lump wave, a line wave and any number of breather waves are derived for the first time. In particular, the interaction of a line wave and a breather wave will generate two breathers under certain conditions, which is very interesting. Additionally, the method can also be extended to other (2+1)-dimensional integrable equations.

Understanding the effect of co-reactants on ketonization of carboxylic acids in the aqueous-phase pyrolysis oil of wood

Ketonization of carboxylic acids is one of the crucial reactions to produce sustainable bio-fuel and bio-chemicals from the pyrolysis oil of wood. Ketonization using different mixed solutions of carboxylic acids, furfural, and hydroxyacetone has been explored to understand the influence of co-feed reactants on the performance of ketonization of carboxylic acid over the selected CeZrOx catalyst. Furfural (7% in water) inhibited the catalytic activity for ketonization of acetic acid (20% solution) with reversible blocking of active sites, but for a mixed solution of hydroxyacetone (7%) and acetic acid (20%), both reactants influenced each other, resulting in very low conversions and slow and uncompleted recovery to 50% after removing hydroacetone from the mixture. For the mixed solution (20% acetic acid + 7% furfural + 7% hydroxyacetone in water), hydroxyacetone was the most reactive compound on CeZrOx and the conversions of reactants reached below 10%, due to the inhibition of co-existing carbonyl components. This work provides guidance for ketonization of carboxylic acids in the aqueous-phase pyrolysis oil.