Coordinate structures without syntactic categories

The issue of the syntactic category of unlike-category coordination has been elusive for decades, with a plethora of proposals, all deficient in one way or another. This chapter proposes to broaden the perspective and consider disjunctive constraints which are not limited to syntactic categories, but which also take into consideration morphosyntactic and lexical properties. Przepiórkowski and Patejuk present an account in which syntactic categories are encoded in functional-structures and all constraints on syntactic positions uniformly refer to functional-structures only. On this solution, the issue of syntactic categories of coordinate structures is void: same category coordinations have—via the definition of distributive properties—the same category as that of all the conjuncts, while unlike-category coordinations do not need—and, on this proposal, do not have—syntactic categories on top of the different categories of their conjuncts.

Coordenações assimétricas no português antigo

This paper takes into account some asymmetries found in Medieval Portuguese coordinate structures containing infinitival clauses. These are cases of coordination of a non-inflected infinitive with an inflected one and cases of apparent extraction of an element from the first clause of a coordinate structure. Both asymmetries can be eliminated if we assume that the coordination takes place at a higher structural level than that of the infinitival clauses; however, this solution entails that we have to postulate a gap in the second conjunct with the ellipsis of some elements (and/or the presence of some abstract elements) recoverable on the basis of elements expressed in the first conjunct. We show that only this more abstract hypothesis can explain in a direct manner the data examined in this work.

Wh-questions in Balkar

This paper deals with the properties of wh-questions in Balkar. It is shown that wh-in-situ structures in Balkar are island insensitive (with an exception of coordinate structures). I discuss the complement/adjunct asymmetry regarding intervention effects. I also consider embedded multiple wh-structures. In this paper, I discuss a puzzle that the Balkar data presents to the prominent theories of wh-questions, which do not explain the properties it shows.

SENTENCE LENGTH

Writers usually exert many efforts in writing sentences with the proper length. Some of them stick to short sentences, which can make their writing looks choppy. Others like to write with long sentences, which can make the writing seems long-winded or wordy, even if it is not. In English language, the length of a sentence refers to how many words are there in that sentence. In almost all formulas, this number is used to estimate how much the sentence is difficult. Still, sometimes, a short sentence shows more difficulty to be read than a long one. Sometimes, longer sentences lead to facilitate comprehension, especially those that contain coordinate structures. This study discusses the basic grammatical notion of sentence, and its length from different points of view. Innumerable definitions of sentence exist and some of these are presented here to get a workable definition to this key term. A definition of sentence length is also presented. Different treatments of the so called sentence length are to be discussed . The various techniques , that have been devised to deal with the sentence in different types of texts as to get better writings, are accounted for in this study . These points are discussed to reach the end , i.e. the conclusion of good sentence length .

On the Nonexistence of Asymmetric DOM in Spanish

Kalin and Weisser (2019) observe that Spanish, among other differential-object-marking (DOM) languages, allows for what they call asymmetric DOM in coordination, that is, a DP coordinate structure in which an unmarked DP and a marked DP are conjoined. Given that coordinate structures are islands, asymmetric DOM challenges movement analyses for DOM. Yet we show that alleged cases of asymmetric DOM in Spanish do not involve DP-coordination; rather, they involve coordination of a larger structure plus TP-ellipsis. Evidence involves binding, extraction, fragment answers, and association with focus. We conclude that asymmetric DOM does not exist in Spanish, a fact consonant with movement analyses.

Combined NMR, DFT and X-ray studies highlight structural and hydration changes of [Ln(AAZTA)]− complexes across the series

1H NMR, CEST, DFT and X-ray studies reveal that [Ln(AAZTA)]− chelates experience a transition across the Ln(iii) series from fast-exchanging, bisaqua 9-coordinate species, to slow-exchanging monoaqua 8-coordinate structures.

Dàgáárè complex constructions: Serial verb constructions, multi-aspectual constructions and coordination

The Serial Verb Construction (SVC) phenomenon is widely researched across many languages. It is generally regarded as a construction in which two or more verbs share the same arguments within a single clause. The verbs in the series must share some grammatical properties such as tense, aspect and polarity. However, there is a verb sequence construction in Dàgáárè that shows apparent similarities to SVCs but with different values for aspect on the verbs. This paper investigates the internal structure of Dàgáárè SVCs and other verb sequence constructions such as multi-aspectual constructions (MACs) and coordinate structures. Applying a variety of syntactic and semantic tests, the paper distinguishes SVCs from MACs and coordination and shows the relation between MACs and coordination. Based on the results of the tests, I argue that although MACs have some properties of SVCs, they are not SVCs. Rather; I conclude that MACs pattern with coordination or covert coordination in Dàgáárè and they are perceived to express distinct events.

Modification of DPs by epistemic adverbs

We examine two phenomena which, with the exception of Bogal-Allbritten & Weir (2017), have not been systematically studied together but are clearly related: (a) epistemic adverbs in ad-nominal positions modifying a DP outside of coordination and (b) epistemic adverbs modifying a DP within a coordination of DPs (Collins conjunction). Ad-nominal adverbs outside of coordinate structures have been claimed to have a strong reading giving rise to an existential entailment ("John visited maybe England" entails that John visited some place, and that place might have been England) while in Collins conjunctions, a weak reading with no existential implication has been claimed to be available ("John and perhaps Mary went to the store" means that either John went to the store, or John and Mary went to the store). We provide corpus data which show that weak and strong readings are available both inside and outside coordination, and we provide a unified analysis of both phenomena based in event semantics which allows modal adverbs to have sub-sentential scope and still target expressions of propositional type. Our analysis relies on the flexible approach to semantic composition afforded by glue semantics (Dalrymple 1999; Gotham 2018), where a functor can ‘ignore’ unsaturated positions in its arguments.

Coordination

This chapter examines constructions involving coordination, starting with its analysis in early LFG works. Section 16.1 investigates the syntax of simple clausal coordination. Section 16.2 discusses coordinate structures involving verbs and other argument-taking predicates and the challenges that they present. Section 16.3 discusses f-structure features and their behavior in coordinate structures, with a particular focus on the distinction between distributive and nondistributive features. Section 16.4 presents the theory of nonconstituent coordination, and Section 16.5 discusses unlike coordination. Section 16.6 discusses coordination patterns crosslinguistically. Section 16.7 examines the semantics of clausal, predicate, and verb coordination. Finally, Section 16.8 examines noun phrase coordination and the syntactic and semantic properties of coordinated noun phrases, which may include person, number, and gender features.