Đánh giá tác dụng chống viêm, giảm đau và cầm máu của “Viên trĩ HV” trên động vật thực nghiệm

Nghiên cứu được thực hiện nhằm đánh giá tác dụng chống viêm, giảm đau và cầm máu của “Viên trĩ HV” trên thực nghiệm. Nghiên cứu thực nghiệm, có đối chiếu với nhóm chứng. Khảo sát tác dụng chống viêm trực tràng trên mô hình chuột cống trắng gây trĩ, “Viên trĩ HV” được dùng ở liều 0,7 g/kg/ngày và 1,4 g/kg/ngày, mức độ viêm tại chỗ được đánh giá bởi hình ảnh đại thể, chỉ số trực tràng, mức độ thoát mạch vào mô trực tràng xác định bằng lượng xanh evans (evans blue) có trong mô trực tràng, và hình ảnh vi thể của trực tràng.Nghiên cứu tác dụng giảm đau trên mô hình gây đau quặn bụng bằng acid acetic, “Viên trĩ HV” được dùng ở liều 1,2 g/kg/ngày và 2,4 g/kg/ngày trên chuột nhắt (tương đương liều dùng trên lâm sàng và gấp 2 liều lâm sàng) để nghiên cứu tác dụng giảm đau trên thực nghiệm. Đánh giá tác dụng cầm máu trên mô hình gây chảy máu do cắt đuôi chuột cống trắng, “Viên trĩ HV” được dùng ở liều 0,7 g/kg/ngày và 1,4 g/kg/ngày, tác dụng cầm máu được đánh giá dựa trên thời gian chảy máu và lượng máu mất. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy viên nang cứng “Viên trĩ HV” dùng liều 0,7 g/kg/ngày và 1,4 g/kg/ngày có tác dụng chống viêm trên mô hình gây trĩ ở chuột cống trắng bằng dung dịch croton oil và có tác dụng cầm máu, làm rút ngắn thời gian chảy máu, tác dụng này của chế phẩm tương đương với thuốc tham chiếu carbazochrom 12mg/kg/ngày. Viên nang cứng “Viên trĩ HV” dùng trên chuột nhắt trắng liều 1,2 g/kg/ ngày và 2,4 g/kg/ngày làm giảm đau rõ rệt trên mô hình gây đau quặn bằng acid acetic. Nghiên cứu có thể kết luận “Viên trĩ HV” có tác dụng chống viêm, giảm đau và cầm máu trên thực nghiệm.

Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius (Mill.) Ethyl Acetate Extract on Croton Oil-Induced Mouse Ear Edema

Nowadays, there is a growing interest in the development of medicinal plant-based therapies to diminish the ravages of the inflammatory process related to diseases and tissue damage. Most therapeutic effects of these traditional medicinal plants are owed to their phenolic and antioxidant properties. C. aconitifolius is a traditional medicinal plant in Mexico. Previous characterization reports have stated its high nutritional and antioxidant components. The present study aimed to better understand the biological activity of C. aconitifolius in inflammation response. We developed an ethyl acetate extract of this plant to evaluate its anti-inflammatory capacity and its flavonoid content. The topical anti-inflammatory effect of the ethyl acetate extract of C. aconitifolius was determined by the croton oil-induced mouse ear edema test, while flavonoid detection and concentration were determined by thin layer chromatography and the aluminum chloride colorimetric assay, respectively. Topical application of the extract showed significant inhibition of the induced-ear edema (23.52 and 49.41% for 25 and 50 mg/kg dose, respectively). The extract also exhibited the presence of flavonoids. The finding of the anti-inflammatory activity exerted by the C. aconitifolius and the identification of its active principles may suggest and support its use for inflammation treatment.

Investigation of Analgesic, Anti-Inflammatory, Hypoglycaemic, Neuropharmacological and Cytotoxic Properties of Clerodendrum viscosum (Leaves)

Clerodendrum viscosum (CV) has been used traditionally to treat medical problems like asthma, ulcer, inflammation, pyrexia, diabetes, malaria, skin diseases, snakebite and tumor by folk practitioners. The present study evaluated the analgesic, antiinflammatory, neuropharmacological and cytotoxic properties C. viscosum (leaves) in rodents. Swiss albino mice of either sex weighing 25-30 gm and SD rats (150-180 mg) were divided into control (DW), standard (model specific) as well as test groups (n=6). Analgesic potential was evaluated using acetic acid-induced writhing and formalin induced pawlicking test. Anti-inflammatory properties were evaluated by xylene and croton oil induced ear edema test. Glucose tolerance was evaluated by OGTT in normal rats. Pentobarbital induced sleeping time test was applied to assess neuropharmacological activity. Also, Brine shrimp lethality bioassay method was employed for cytotoxicity evaluation. The alcoholic extracts showed significant antinociceptive activity in acetic acid test (p<0.01) and formalin test (p<0.05) at the dose of 1000mg/kg bw. The crude extract reduced inflammation significantly (p<0.01) in both xylene and croton oil induced ear edema test. At the dose of 1000mg/kg it increased glucose tolerance significantly (p<0.05) in normal rats. CV extract significantly (p<0.01) increased sleeping time indicating CNS depressant effect. The extract exhibited a potent cytotoxicity against brine shrimp (LC50=316.23μg/ml). C. viscosum leaves showed analgesic, antiinflammatory, hypoglycemic and CNS depressant effect against experimentally induced model mice. It also possessed cytotoxic properties and further studies are required to evaluate these effects and the potential of the plant.

Anti-Inflammatory Comparison of Melatonin and Its Bromobenzoylamide Derivatives in Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-Induced RAW 264.7 Cells and Croton Oil-Induced Mice Ear Edema

The pineal gland is a neuroendocrine organ that plays an important role in anti-inflammation through the hormone melatonin. The anti-inflammatory effects of melatonin and its derivatives have been reported in both in vitro and in vivo models. Our previous study reported the potent antioxidant and neuroprotective activities of bromobenzoylamide substituted melatonin. In silico analysis successfully predicted that melatonin bromobenzoylamid derivatives were protected from metabolism by CYP2A1, which is a key enzyme of the melatonin metabolism process. Therefore, the anti-inflammatory activities of melatonin and its bromobenzoylamide derivatives BBM and EBM were investigated in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages and croton oil-induced ear edema in mice. The experiments showed that BBM and EBM significantly reduced production of the inflammatory mediators interleukin-6 (IL-6), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and nitric oxide (NO) in a dose-dependent manner, but only slightly affected TNF-α in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages. This suggests that modifying melatonin at either the N1-position or the N-acetyl side chain affected production of NO, PGE2 and IL-6 in in vitro model. In the croton oil-induced mouse ear edema model, BBM, significantly decreased ear edema thickness at 2–4 h. It leads to conclude that bromobenzoylamide derivatives of melatonin may be one of the potential candidates for a new type of anti-inflammatory agent.

Formulation of Suppositories of Alum Produced from Bauxite Waste in Ghana for the Treatment of Hemorrhoid

The study sought to formulate and evaluate suppositories using a locally produced brand of alum (Aw) obtained from bauxite waste generated at Awaso bauxite mine in the Western-North region of Ghana, for use in the treatment of hemorrhoids. The suppositories were formulated using shea butter modified, respectively, with amounts of beeswax and theobroma oil. In another development, theobroma oil was modified with different concentrations of beeswax. Drug-base interactions were investigated using attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. The suppositories were prepared using the hot melt and trituration methods. Quality control checks were carried out on the formulations. The evaluated parameters included physical characteristics (texture, presence or absence of entrapped air, and contraction holes), weight uniformity, disintegration time, drug content, and in vitro release profile of the alum from the formulated suppositories. An in vivo analysis was carried out on the most suitable formulation to ascertain its efficacy on inflamed tissues using croton oil-induced rectal inflammation in a rat model. A critical examination of the ATR-FTIR spectra revealed no drug-base interactions. The suppository formulations passed all Pharmacopoeia stated tests. The in vivo study revealed the use of suppositories ameliorated the croton oil-induced hemorrhoid in the rectoanal region of the rats.