PERBANDINGAN STRUKTUR INSANG DAN KULIT IKAN TIPE REMAINER (Bathygobius fuscus) DAN SKIPPER (Blenniella cyanostigma) ZONA INTERTIDAL PANTAI GUNUNG KIDUL

Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari struktur organ pernapasan dari ikan tipe remainer (Bathygobius fuscus) dan tipe skipper (Blenniella cyanostigma), dan untuk mengetahui apakah kulit tubuh dari dua tipe ikan tersebut juga berperan sebagai tempat terjadinya pertukaran gas pernafasan. Dua spesies ikan tersebut diambil insang dan kulitnya untuk dibuat preparat mikroanatomik dengan metode paraffin, dan pewarnaan H-E (Hematoksilin-Eosin). Analisis deskriptif terhadap struktur lamellae sekunder (epithelium lamellae sekunder, dan ada tidaknya struktur pendukung), serta diukur panjangnya. Fokus pengamatan pada kulit adalah deskripsi struktur epidermis, tebal epidermis, adanya vaskularisasi, dan jumlah pembuluh darah. Data kuantitatif (panjang lamellae sekunder, tebal epidermis, dan jumlah vaskularisasi) dianalisis dengan menggunakan Student’s T-test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan berarti antara struktur mikroanatomik insang ikan tipe remainer dan skipper, panjang lamellae sekunder relatif sama, juga tidak ditemukan adanya struktur sekunder pada insang yang diduga berperan untuk menyimpan udara cadangan ataupun membantu proses pernapasan. Struktur kulit menunjukkan perbedaan terutama pada bagian kepala dan bagian posterior tubuh. Epidermis di bagian kepala dan bagian posterior (peduncula) pada ikan tipe remainer lebih tebal dibandingkan ikan tipe skipper. Kulit ikan tipe skipper tervaskularisasi dengan baik, banyak ditemukan kapiler darah pada jaringan ikat dermis yang berbatasan langsung dengan epidermis. Jumlah kapiler darah pada ikan tipe remainer lebih sedikit dan tidak berdekatan dengan epidermis sehingga tidak dapat digunakan untuk difusi gas melalui permukaan kulit. Pengamatan struktur kulit mengindikasikan bahwa ikan tipe skipper dapat menggunakan kulit sebagai tempat pertukaran gas pernapasan. Kata kunci: struktur insang, kulit, ika tipe remainer dan skipper, zona intertidal Abstract This research aimed to study the microanatomical structure of respiratory organ of two group of fish that live in tidepools. One group is remainers which stay inside the pools during lowtide, while the other is skippers, group of fish that have an ability to move outside water when it’s needed. This research also aimed to investigate whether skin of these species can be used as respiratory surface to overcome hypoxic condition. Two species of fish (Bathygobius fuscus of remainers group and Blenniella cyanostigma of skippers, respectively), were caught and sacrificed, then gills and skin of them were harvested. The organs then undergone further processing for microanatomical preparation with paraffin method and Hematoxylin-Eosin staining. Microanatomical structure of gills and skin then analysed descriptively. Gills were observed to study whether additional structure is presence and modification (in structure of epithelial cells and/or the length of secondary lamelae) is occured as part of morphological change to absorb more oxygen during low tide. In Skin, the thickness of epidermal layers were measured and the number of blood capilaries were counted to investigate whether skin can be used as additional respiratory surface. Quantitative data of skin and gills were statistically analysed using Student’s T-test. Results showed that there were no differences in gills structure between remainers and skippers. Additional structure in gills were absent in both species. However, quantitative measurements in skins showed that skippers have less layers of epidermal cells and high number of blood capilaries compared to remainers skin. This results indicated that skippers were able to use their skin as additional respiratory surface outside gills. Keywords: gills, intertidal zone, microanatomical structure, skin, remainers, skippers

Respiratory surface motion measurement by Microsoft Kinect

In radiotherapy of abdominal and thoracic tumors, respiratory motion is a problem for an accurate treatment. Most current motion compensation techniques rely on externally acquired breathing signals of the patient. The systems in clinical use usually work with 1D surface motion signals to describe internal structure respiratory motion patterns. As a 1D signal is not able to describe complex motion patterns and breathing variations, in this work the Microsoft Kinect, which can record multidimensional respiratory surface motion signals, is proposed to be used instead. For the Kinect, a clinically acceptable measurement setup is designed and Kinect measurements are compared to the Varian RPM system (clinical standard). The results show that the signals are well aligned. An additional comparison of Kinect signals from different regions of interest on the chest further reveals variations between them. This illustrates that the use of a system that provides multidimensional signals is worthwhile; the knowledge about breathing variations could be applied for optimization of current clinical workflows.