SEMANTIC MODELING IN RESILIENCE RESEARCH OF ENERGY AND SOCIO-ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS

В статье рассматриваются возможности применения семантического моделирования, включающего, в частности, онтологическое и когнитивное моделирование для поддержки совместных исследований энергетических и социо-экологических систем. Работа посвящена использованию онтологического инжиниринга для структурирования знаний предметных областей и когнитивного моделирования в исследованиях влияния функционирования энергетических объектов на природную среду и человека. Онтологическое моделирование используется для выявления, описания и согласования базовых понятий предметных областей исследований и позволяет систематизировать и наглядно представить взаимосвязи между элементами природной среды, объектами энергетики и их характеристиками, факторами воздействия и методами их расчета. Когнитивное моделирование используется для выявления структуры причинно-следственных связей между факторами, влияющими на устойчивость системы. The article discusses the possibilities of applying semantic modeling, including, in particular, ontological and cognitive modeling to support joint research of energy and socio-ecological systems. The work is devoted to the use of ontological engineering for structuring knowledge of subject areas and cognitive modeling in studies of the impact of the functioning of energy facilities on the natural environment and humans. Ontological modeling is used to identify, describe and coordinate the basic concepts of subject areas of research and allows you to systematize and visualize the relationship between elements of the natural environment, energy facilities and their characteristics, impact factors and methods of their calculation. Cognitive modeling is used to identify the structure of causal relationships between factors affecting the stability of the system.

The National Specificity of the Proverbial Fund: Basic Concepts and Procedure for Determining

The article presents an attempt to define the basic concepts and proposes a methodology for identifying the national specificity of the proverbial fund of a given language in the synchronic plan. In modern linguistics, more and more attention is paid to the study of interlingual specificity / generality of proverbs, both in the theoretical (typological, language and cultural), and in the applied (linguodidactic, lexicographic) terms. However, in linguistics there is no special methodological apparatus for establishing and describing the national specificity of proverbs. The aim of the research is to develop and test the basic concepts and methodology for identifying the national specificity of the proverbial fund of the language in the synchronic plan. Research methods - interlingual comparison, structural and semantic modeling, ethnolinguistic analysis, language and cultural description. The research material was over 1,500 of the most actively used Belarusian proverbs (from its paremiological minimum, the main paremiological fund, the corpus of literary texts), as well as proverbs of the Slavic, Baltic, Germanic, Romanic, Finno-Ugrian languages (more than 220,000 proverbs from the most authoritative paremiographic sources in 34 modern European languages). As a result of the study, it was found that for the differentiation of common with other languages and specific units of the proverbial fund of the language, the synchronic analysis based on the structural and semantic modeling of proverbs is the most objective. The linguistic content of the concepts national specificity of a proverbial fund, unique, international, universal proverb, national specificity of a proverb, national and language specificity, national and cultural marking of a proverb has been determined and verified. The methodology for describing the national specificity of a proverbial fund has been developed and tested. It includes the principles and methods of selecting the most representative units for analysis, the determination of the interlingual specificity / generality of proverbs, the ascertainment of their national and language, national and cultural specificity, the identification of the degree and nature of the national marking of the exact language proverbs. It is proved that the national specificity of the proverbial fund is qualitatively and quantitatively determined not by proverbs that are unique against the background of other languages, but by the national and language and / or national and cultural marking common (international and universal) proverbs of other languages.

Extracting Creativity from Narratives using Distributional Semantic Modeling

Narrative text permeates our lives from job applications to journalistic stories to works of fiction. Developing automated metrics that capture creativity in narrative text has potentially far reaching implications. Human ratings of creativity in narrative text are labor-intensive, subjective, and difficult to replicate. Across 27 different story prompts and over 3,500 short stories, we used distributional semantic modeling to automate the assessment of creativity in narrative texts. We tested a new metric to capture one key component of creativity in writing – a writer’s ability to connect divergent ideas. We termed this metric, word-to-word semantic diversity (w2w SemDiv). We compared six models of w2w SemDiv that varied in their computational architecture. The best performing model employed Bidirectional Encoder Representations Transformer (BERT), which generates context-dependent numerical representations of words (i.e., embeddings). The BERT w2w SemDiv scores demonstrated impressive predictive power, explaining up to 72% of the variance in human creativity ratings, even exceeding human inter-rater reliability for some tasks. In addition, w2w SemDiv scores generalized across Ethnicity and English language proficiency, including individuals identifying as Hispanic and L2 English speakers. We provide a tutorial with R code (osf.io/ath2s) on how to compute w2w SemDiv. This code is incorporated into an online web app (semdis.wlu.psu.edu) where researchers and educators can upload a data file with stories and freely retrieve w2w SemDiv scores.

The Method of Cyber Awareness Analysis of an Energy Facility

The article proposes to analyze cyber-situational awareness of an energy facility in three stages. There are i) analysis of cyber threats to the energy infrastructure; ii) modeling of extreme situations scenarios in the energy sector caused by the implementation of the cyber threats; iii) risk assessment of the cybersecurity disruption to energy infrastructure. Three methods are presented, corresponding to each stage. The authors propose to apply semantic modeling methods to analyze the impact of cyber threats to energy facilities, taking into account energy security within the presented approach. Such methods show their effectiveness in the absence or incompleteness of data for modeling the behavior of systems, which defies formal description or accurate forecasting. The presented approach to the cyber situational awareness analysis of energy facilities considered as a synthesis of cybersecurity and situational awareness studies, characterized by the use of semantic modeling methods.