Psychological factors and intermittent self-catheterisation

This article explores the factors less widely discussed in research that relate to the psychological aspects of those who may be eligible for or using intermittent self-catheterisation (ISC). Guidance indicates that cognition and ability to consent should be considered, and research indicates that a person is more likely to cope with ISC if they exhibit resilience and other positive attributes; further, a person's quality of life (QoL) is impacted by factors, such as social isolation, which need to be considered. This article takes an in-depth look at the available information on these factors.

Taking into Account the Child’s Own Views in the Field of Medical Care: International Standards and Experience of Ukraine

The Convention on the Rights of the Child (UN) outlines the fundamentalrights of the child, which is also the basis for regulating relations in the fieldof care. In particular,States Parties shall assure to the child who is capable of forming his orher own views the right to express those views freely in all matters affectingthe child, the views of the child being given due weight in accordance with theage and maturity of the child.In Ukraine, both legislation and most researchers believe that a clear agerestriction on a child's ability to consent to healthcare is necessary. However,the child's competence to make autonomous informed decisions about medicalintervention is not always directly dependent on age, but is individualized.Therefore, the problem of taking into account the child's opinion when providinghis or her medical care requires public discussion and development of newlegal tools. Key words: The Convention on the Rights of the Child (UN), taking intoaccount the child's thoughts, the child's competence to consent to medicalintervention.

A Snapshot of Bystander Attitudes about Mobile Live-Streaming Video in Public Settings

With the advent of mobile apps such as Periscope, Facebook Live, and now TikTok, live-streaming video has become a commonplace form of social computing. It has not been clear, however, to what extent the current ubiquity of smartphones is impacting this technology’s acceptance in everyday social situations, and how mobile contexts or affordances will affect and be affected by shifts in social norms and policy debates regarding privacy, surveillance, and intellectual property. This ethnographic-style research provides a snapshot of attitudes about the technology among a sample of US participants in two public contexts, both held outdoors in August 2016: A sports tailgating event and a meeting event. Interviews with n = 20 bystanders revealed that many are not fully aware of when their image or speech is being live-streamed in a casual context, and some want stronger notifications of and ability to consent to such broadcasting. We offer design recommendations to help bridge this socio-technical gap.

Choosing Death: The Making of Martyrs in Early American Criminal Narratives

In 1701 Puritan minister John Rogers published the criminal narrative of Esther Rodgers, who had been convicted of infanticide and executed. Esther Rodgers appears in Rogers’s Death the Certain Wages of Sin not as a depraved criminal or even a repentant sinner but as a courageous Christian martyr. Much of the productive recent scholarship on Rodgers studies the way her criminal status operated in the public sphere generally or print culture specifically, but the literary construction of her legal criminal status reveals a larger negotiation over marginalized individuals’ ability to consent and dissent in early New England and an unexpected orientation toward choice in early American literature. Rogers and his contemporaries engaged the conventions of the early modern criminal narrative to organize the chaos of maternal tragedy according to fictions of choice and the conventions of ancient and antique scripture to recast execution as a prelude to salvation. But in the ill-fitting spaces between the criminal’s story and the forms to which these authors suited it, readers could see a character who was something more—or less—than murderer or martyr: a sympathetic victim granted the ability to consent only in order to certify her legal culpability, religious conversion, and complicity in the macabre spectacle of her own public execution.

Disability, Vulnerability, and the Capacity to Consent

Does having a diagnosis of intellectual or cognitive disability automatically render a person vulnerable and unable to give informed consent to participate in research? Discussions over a proposed change in United States Federal Human Subjects language brought these issues into keen focus. People who are identified as having a cognitive or mental disability may be no more at risk for abuse in participating in research than non-disabled people and may have equal ability to provide informed consent. We assert that a focus on the ability to consent and power to resist manipulation is a more helpful dividing line than a disability or impairment category. We ask the question: How do we assure personal autonomy when the mechanisms to establish capacity are discriminatory and in violation of a person’s civil rights.

Simulation to Improve Trainee Skill and Comfort with Forceps-Assisted Vaginal Deliveries

Objective Simulation training is a powerful learning tool for low frequency events. Forceps-assisted vaginal deliveries (FAVD) are an important tool in reducing cesarean deliveries. The aim of this study is to create a high-fidelity simulation-based curriculum for residency education and investigate pre- and posttest skill and confidence. Methods A prospective cohort study was conducted involving obstetrics and gynecology residents over 2 academic years. Residents participated in one to three FAVD simulation trainings. All sessions involved video, didactic, and hands-on practice. Pre- and postsurvey and skills assessment were conducted to assess confidence, ability to consent, and perform a FAVD. Wilcoxon's signed-rank tests and Kruskal–Wallis tests were used. Results Thirty residents (73%) completed at least one forceps simulation training session. Participants demonstrated significant improvement in confidence (p < 0.005) following training. Before the intervention, there was a disparity in confidence by postgraduate level (p < 0.005); however, this difference was not seen postsimulation (p = 0.24). Residents demonstrated significant improvement in their FAVD skills (p < 0.05), as well as their ability to consent (p < 0.01). Conclusion Simulation training improves residents' perceived confidence in FAVD. Simulation helped to better equalize confidence across classes. FAVD simulations improves resident confidence, skill, and more broadly broadened the armamentarium to decrease the cesarean delivery rate.