distance control
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Vehicles ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-41
Author(s):  
Bruce W. Jo

High-speed capsular vehicles are firstly suggested as an idea by Elon Musk of Tesla Company. Unlike conventional high-speed trains, capsular vehicles are individual vessels carrying passengers and freight with the expected maximum speed of near 1200 [km/h] in a near-vacuum tunnel. More individual vehicle speed, dispatch, and position control in the operational aspect are expected over connected trains. This numerical study and investigation evaluate and analyze inter-distance control and their characteristics for high-speed capsular vehicles and their operational aspects. Among many aspects of operation, the inter-distance of multiple vehicles is critical toward passenger/freight flow rate and infrastructural investment. In this paper, the system’s equation, equation of the motion, and various characteristics of the system are introduced, and in particular control design parameters for inter-distance control and actuation are numerically shown. As a conclusion, (1) Inter-distance between vehicles is a function of error rate and second car start time, the magnitude range is determined by second car start time, (2) Inter-distance fluctuation rate is a function of error rate and second car start time, however; it can be minimized by choosing the correct second car start time, and (3) If the second car start time is chosen an integer number of push-down cycle time at specific velocity error rate, the inter-distance fluctuation can be zero.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (23) ◽  
pp. 11242
Author(s):  
Bosun Xie ◽  
Guangzheng Yu

One purpose of spatial audio is to create perceived virtual sources at various spatial positions in terms of direction and distance with respect to the listener. The psychoacoustic principle of spatial auditory perception is essential for creating perceived virtual sources. Currently, the technical means for recreating virtual sources in different directions of various spatial audio techniques are relatively mature. However, perceived distance control in spatial audio remains a challenging task. This article reviews the psychoacoustic principle, methods, and problems with perceived distance control and compares them with the principles and methods of directional localization control in spatial audio, showing that the validation of various methods for perceived distance control depends on the principle and method used for spatial audio. To improve perceived distance control, further research on the detailed psychoacoustic mechanisms of auditory distance perception is required.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng Li ◽  
Weihuang Chen ◽  
Xinkai Luo ◽  
Fangfang Wang ◽  
Jingmin Zhang ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jintao Liu ◽  
Ming He ◽  
Ling Luo ◽  
Qiang Liu ◽  
Mingguang Zou

Abstract Inspired by the natural phenomenon that pair-bonded jackdaws fly together within a flock, a new cooperative model and control method with pairwise structure in the swarm flocking is proposed to perform proximity missions such as air refueling, data exchange and coordinated operations of two unmanned aerial vehicles in the swarm. A noval square-law error sliding mode surface and variable structure sliding mode controller are proposed, so that any two unmanned aerial vehicles in the swarm could converge to a specified relative distance. Based on this, the distributed control protocol is designed that integrates pairwise distance control and flocking control. It enables unmanned aerial vehicles to be paired in the swarm without disrupting the consensus of the entire swarm. Finally, two theorems are proved by Lyapunov stability theorem. The distance between paired unmanned aerial vehicles is exponentially convergent, and the swarm flocking is collision free. Swarm flight simulations based on particle motion model with number from 20 to 100 are respectively presented, as well as 10 unmanned aerial vehicles swarm flight simulations with quadrotor dynamics model. The simulation experiments have sufficiently verified the effectiveness and accuracy of the method. The results show that distance control could still be achieved in the extreme case that the paired unmanned aerial vehicles are at the farthest corners of the swarm.


2021 ◽  
pp. 4-16
Author(s):  
N.V. Zaitseva ◽  
◽  
I.V. May ◽  
D.A. Kiryanov ◽  
S.V. Babina ◽  
...  

The paper dwells on methodical approaches that provide implementation of provisions fixed by the Federal Law No. 248 «On state control (surveillance) and municipal control on the Russian Federation» that comes into force on July 01, 2021. The Law has strengthened the significance of a risk-oriented model for control and stressed the necessity to assess surveillance efficiency as per criteria related to minimizing risks for protected values and to enhance digitalization and electronic communication between all the concerned parties in the sphere. Taking into account more specific list of objects that are subject to control fixed in the Law, we suggest a procedure for determining categories of health risks caused by specific industrial objects combined with determining a risk category for an economic activity performed by an economic entity. Risk is assessed as a combination of a probability that obligatory requirements are violated and severity of outcomes that result from such violations. The procedure allows optimal planning of control and surveillance activities regarding enterprises and organizations that perform their activities on multiple industrial sites (network companies, large holdings, etc.). We also considered an approach to creating dynamic risk-oriented checklists and suggested specific ranking for sanitary-epidemiologic requirements that were included into such checklists basing on frequency and history of violations that were committed by an object under surveillance regarding legislative requirements and risks that damage to health might occur due to such violations. The paper contains a description of methodical approaches to creating a statistic risk profile for an object under control. Creating a risk profile with mathematical procedures for data processing (including neural network modeling) allows achieving more qualitative risk detection, drawing up a maximum targeted program for a control activity, and operative reacting to types of violations that have not occurred previously. The paper describes a principle way for introducing forms and procedures for distance control into the sanitary-epidemiologic surveillance system. It is shown that efficient distance control should be based on digitalized documents required during control and surveillance activities; maximum possible use of data taken from state, municipal, and other data sources; intensified practices of remote hardware control; as well as development and scientific and methodical support provided for an intellectual information system within control and surveillance activities.


2021 ◽  
pp. 4-16
Author(s):  
N.V. Zaitseva ◽  
◽  
I.V. May ◽  
D.А. Kiryanov ◽  
S.V. Babina ◽  
...  

The paper dwells on methodical approaches that provide implementation of provisions fixed by the Federal Law No. 248 «On state control (surveillance) and municipal control on the Russian Federation» that comes into force on July 01, 2021. The Law has strengthened the significance of a risk-oriented model for control and stressed the necessity to assess surveillance efficiency as per criteria related to minimizing risks for protected values and to enhance digitalization and electronic communication between all the concerned parties in the sphere. Taking into account more specific list of objects that are subject to control fixed in the Law, we suggest a procedure for determining categories of health risks caused by specific industrial objects combined with determining a risk category for an economic activity performed by an economic entity. Risk is assessed as a combination of a probability that obligatory requirements are violated and severity of outcomes that result from such violations. The procedure allows optimal planning of control and surveillance activities regarding enterprises and organizations that perform their activities on multiple industrial sites (network companies, large holdings, etc.). We also considered an approach to creating dynamic risk-oriented checklists and suggested specific ranking for sanitary-epidemiologic requirements that were included into such checklists basing on frequency and history of violations that were committed by an object under surveillance regarding legislative requirements and risks that damage to health might occur due to such violations. The paper contains a description of methodical approaches to creating a statistic risk profile for an object under control. Creating a risk profile with mathematical procedures for data processing (including neural network modeling) allows achieving more qualitative risk detection, drawing up a maximum targeted program for a control activity, and operative reacting to types of violations that have not occurred previously. The paper describes a principle way for introducing forms and procedures for distance control into the sanitary-epidemiologic surveillance system. It is shown that efficient distance control should be based on digitalized documents required during control and surveillance activities; maximum possible use of data taken from state, municipal, and other data sources; intensified practices of remote hardware control; as well as development and scientific and methodical support provided for an intellectual information system within control and surveillance activities.


2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 2170070
Author(s):  
Hyeonseol Kim ◽  
Byeonghwa Lim ◽  
Jonghwan Yoon ◽  
Keonmok Kim ◽  
Sri Ramulu Torati ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
pp. 2100532
Author(s):  
Hyeonseol Kim ◽  
Byeonghwa Lim ◽  
Jonghwan Yoon ◽  
Keonmok Kim ◽  
Sri Ramulu Torati ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tyas Wahyu Safariah

Controlling the flames lighting still using manual control, then require the officer to control the condition of the flame lights at a certain time. Therefore, the control of street lighting and the room is automatically required to facilitate the operation of the flame of the lamp. Processing using arduino Mega 2560 and NodeMCU ESP8266 as a controller, sensor DHT 11 as a detection value of the temperature and humidity sensor LDR as the control of street lighting, and the module RTC as a controller of the lighting in the room. The method used is the process of merging multiple components to form a construction. The result of the manufacture of the tool that is controlling the lights street lighting on and off based on LDR sensor, as well as the lighting on the room which is set using the set point time module RTC. the control can be operated and monitored using a SCADA system and Android, as well as can termonitoring values of temperature and humidity in a room which is displayed on the LED dot matrix. Distance control using the android system with a maximum of 22 meters.


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