ІНТЕЛЕКТУАЛЬНА СИСТЕМА УПРАВЛІННЯ В ОСВІТЛЕННІ ПІШОХІДНИХ ПЕРЕХОДІВ ДЛЯ ПІДВИЩЕННЯ ЕНЕРГОЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ

Purpose. Development of the concept of an intelligent control system for implementation in the scheme of pedestrian crossing lighting and design of a street lamp to reduces electricity costs and increases the service life of street lights, using technical devices such as dimmers and special motion sensors.Method. The research methods of theoretical analysis, modeling of appearance and creation of the scheme of intellectual control complex, basic provisions on lighting of pedestrian crossings and design of street lighting, analysis of possibilities of motion sensors and dimming at use in lighting are used.Results. Technologies of application of dimers and various motion sensors in lighting are analyzed and modern technological advantages of their use are allocated. Having identified a problem in the payment for electricity for street lighting for many local budgets, an intelligent control system for pedestrian crossing lighting was developed. The system allows obtaining of significant economic effect, reducing electricity consumption by a maximum of 70%. This saving is achieved by using dimming lamps and special narrow motion sensors, which have a viewing angle of 6 ° horizontally. At rest, the system keeps the lamp power at 50% until the person falls within the range of the sensor and the illumination rises to 100% for the set time. Specially selected sensors and their correct placement allow the system to work only when a person approaches a pedestrian crossing, and to remove accidental unpredictable inclusions. After analyzing the modern street lighting market, the design of a street lamp was created and proposed.Scientific novelty. It is proposed to use an intelligent control system in the lighting of pedestrian crossings, because now it is widely used only as part of the complex "smart home". Application in the scheme of lighting of pedestrian crossings of dimming and special narrowly directed motion sensors with a viewing angle of 6° horizontally that will allow to exclude accidental operation, both from people and cars, and from dogs and cats. A new design of the road lamp has been developed, based on the analyzed provisions on the correct lighting of pedestrian crossings.Practical significance. Lighting of pedestrian crossings is currently a problem in our country, because there are many accidents, and for good lighting you need to spend a lot of money on electricity from local budgets. This intelligent pedestrian crossing lighting control system is specially designed so that the use of electricity can be reduced by 70% and the service life of lamps can be significantly increased, for example by 1.5 times, but a more accurate value can be obtained only after the introduction of the first experimental sample. The use of such a system is possible throughout Ukraine at each crossing, unlike many other projects for lighting road crossings.

Development of New Radar and Pyroelectric Sensors for Road Safety Increase in Cloud-Based Multi-Agent Control Application

The paper concentrates on the design, architecture, and monitoring of smart LED street lighting control, with focus on traffic safety and safe road infrastructure. The use of a CMAS (Cloud-Based Multi-Agent System) as a possible framework is investigated. The work is based on previous developments by the authors in the production and design of close and long-range hybrid Pyroelectric Infrared (PIR) motion detection sensors. It also introduces the advances in radar-type sensors used in smart SLC (street lighting control) application systems. The proposed sensor solutions can detect the road user (vehicle or pedestrian) and determine its movement direction and approximate speed that can be used for dynamic lighting control algorithms, traffic intensity prediction, and increased safety for both driver and pedestrian traffic. Furthermore, the street lighting system infrastructure can monitor city environmental parameters, such as temperature, humidity, CO2 levels, thus increasing levels of safety and security for smart cities. Utilising other hybrid systems within intelligent street lighting applications represents a new specialisation area in both energy-saving, safety awareness, and intelligent management.

Internet of Things-based Street Lighting System with Message Queuing Telemetry Transport and Progressive Web Application

The purpose of this study is to implement the Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) protocol and the Progressive Web App (PWA) of the Internet of Things (IoT) based public street lighting system. The MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport) protocol is a protocol that runs on the TCP / IP stack and is specially designed for machine to machine that does not have a special address. Progressive web application (PWA) is a software creation method by combining regular websites with mobile & desktop applications. This research is a development from previous research on Automatic Public Street Lighting. The development carried out includes a communication system, monitoring of lighting conditions, and automation or manual control of lights. The results obtained are the ease of monitoring lamp conditions and early detection of lamp problems. These results are obtained from the data sent by each street light, in the form of lamp status data, voltage, and electric current, through Long Range (LoRa) communication to the gateway using a radio network. The gateway data is then sent to the broker via the internet using the MQTT protocol and control and monitoring street light conditions using the Real-time Website and a mobile device. This research's impact is that street lighting monitoring and maintenance can be carried out more efficiently.

Knowledge-based decision intelligence in street lighting management

As the availability of computational power and communication technologies increases, Humans and systems are able to tackle increasingly challenging decision problems. Taking decisions over incomplete visions of a situation is particularly challenging and calls for a set of intertwined skills that must be put into place under a clear rationale. This work addresses how to deliver autonomous decisions for the management of a public street lighting network, to optimize energy consumption without compromising light quality patterns. Our approach is grounded in an holistic methodology, combining semantic and Artificial Intelligence principles to define methods and artefacts for supporting decisions to be taken in the context of an incomplete domain. That is, a domain with absence of data and of explicit domain assertions.

IMPACT OF QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE METHODS ON THE EVALUATION OF STREET LIGHTING UNIFORMITY

Uniformity of lighting for pedestrians is often assumed to have been achieved in mixed traffic environments when the lighting uniformity requirements for vehicular traffic have been fulfilled. Uniformity of lighting for drivers is commonly evaluated based on quan-titative data on parameters such as overall luminance uniformity. However, methods for evaluating uniformity from the perspective of other road users are currently somewhat lacking. This study discusses qualitative and quantitative methods of assessing street lighting uniformity, and the potential implications for lighting design and the road us-ers. We used convergence design and imbedded design based on two field studies. The research purpose is twofold: first, to study if, and how, measured lighting uni-formity corresponds with visual perception. Secondly, to identify and explain the addi-tional value that a combined method approach can contribute. The study considers ex-amples of when the measured uniformity corresponds to visually perceived uniformity and when they do not correspond.

INFLUENCE OF ROAD SURFACES ON THE CALCULATION OF A TARGET VISIBILITY TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE DIRECT AND INDIRECT LIGHTING

Street lighting ensures visibility and legibility for road users. In this paper, performances of the lighting installation of four road sections with different type of road surface are simulated in accordance with guidelines and road lighting standards. Then, the calculation of the visibility level of a target according to the Adrian’s model is included. Next, the light reflections on the road surface are added to the calculation of the target luminance. For this, the area considered in front of the target as well as the number of elementary surfaces are fixed and a Q_0-scaling of the r-table obtained for α=45° is performed. We compare the results obtained for each section with and without considering the light reflections and conclude that there is negligible incidence of the nature of the road surface on the target luminance. However, an effect of the road surface on the visibility level of the target is observed.

Realizing Gedangan Village as an energy self-sufficient village through biogas-electric energy conversion

Gedangan village, a dairy farming center, has many biogas reactors that are used for cooking and lighting petromax lamps. Previous community service activities resulted in the construction of three Biogas Power Plants (PLT-Biogas) capable of producing 15 kW of power but which were not fully utilized. Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) is the approach method used to actively involve the community in the program. To optimize the PLT-Biogas, the service team rearranges the equipment and replaces the UPS with an inverter and battery charger before constructing a street lighting electricity network that can be used by the entire community. The next step is to provide operational and maintenance training for the long-term use of PLT-Biogas. As a result, the initial stage of electrical energy is currently used for street lighting in two hamlets, as well as freezers and water pumps, with a potential savings of 2,775.6 kWh per year. By converting biogas energy to electricity, this community service activity can help to kickstart the realization of an energy self-sufficient village.

Economic Analysis of Replacing HPS Lamp with LED Lamp and Cost Estimation to Set Up PV/Battery System for Street Lighting in Oman

In this paper, two aspects related to streetlight systems are considered. In the first part, the economic analysis of replacing existing HPS lamps with light-emitting diode (LED) and discrete LED lamps for street lighting is performed using actual data from Oman. The street lighting system inside Sultan Qaboos University is considered for the case study. The discounted payback period, which is calculated to study the practicability of implementing the system, is found to be 1.01 years, making the system financially appealing. Moreover, the estimated reduction of a carbon footprint shows that tonnes of CO2 emissions are reduced, which makes it environmentally attractive. The second part of the paper considers optimal sizing of PV/battery system for a new streetlight system with LED lamps. The life cycle cost analysis was performed and the related cost of energy generated per kWh is estimated as 0.097 $/kWh which proves the economic viability of the system to be implemented in Oman besides minimizing the CO2 emissions to zero.

Implementation of Smart Street Light System with the Assistance of Cloud Based Online Access

This paper proposes a street lighting system utilizing minimal expense microcontroller-based Arduino. Since there is a need for the industry is to connect heterogeneous equipment parts to the cloud-based internet-based admittance framework for checking and figuring out their conduct from time to time. The principle objective is to plan energy effective keen streetlamp for energy protection in existing streetlamps and safeguarding from theft issue of batteries and sunlight-based chargers in the country and metropolitan region and only for brilliant urban areas, and this paper is to record and send the readings of the proposed module to IoT which building up the reasonable web application on the cloud for Data logging. Ordinarily, we see that streetlamps are remain turned ON during daytime, absence of upkeep of batteries prompts uses misfortune. So for decreasing the referred to issues a portion of the electrical gadgets can guide specific boundaries to the microcontroller which are taken care of with the assistance of Ethernet of Wi-Fi module and associated with the cloud-based framework. A test arrangement has been made to know the situation with gadgets through Laptop/Mobile/PC at any space while associated with the cloud.