Impact of membranetropic compounds on the sensitivity of mammalian erythrocytes to the posthypertonic shock action

The effect of cationic trifluoperazine (TFP) and nonionic decyl-β,D-glucopyranoside (DGP) on the sensitivity of human, rabbit and rat erythrocytes to the action of posthypertonic shock (PHS) at 0 °C was studied in this research. Trifluoperazine shows a high antihemolytic activity under conditions of PHS of human and animal erythrocytes at slight differences of values of effective concentrations. The value of antihemolytic activity of TFP for human and rabbit erythrocytes is ~ 60 %, and for rat cells the efficiency of this compound is approximately 1.4 times higher. The values of antihemolytic activity of DGP under PHS conditions of human and rat erythrocytes are comparable and amounts to 62 and 66 %, respectively. Significant differen­ces of this parameter (72 %) were found for rabbit cells compared with human erythrocytes. It was found that the size of plateau (the range of concentrations of amphiphilic compounds within the minimum level of erythrocyte hemolysis was observed) cationic TFP and nonionic DGP are significantly different. Thus, TFP has a narrow plateau (100–200 μmol/L), while DGP has a rather wide one (400–1600 μmol/L). In addition, a shift of the plateau concentrations of DGP to the region of higher values compared with TFP is observed, which is probably due to the fact that the value of the critical micelle concentration DGP is higher than TFP. Moreover, a shift of plateau concentrations of DGP to the region of higher values compared with TFP is observed, that is probably due to the fact that the value of the critical micelle concentration DGP is higher than TFP one. It was established that under PHS conditions of human erythrocyte, both compounds (TFP and DGP) show a commensurate antihemolytic activity. At the same time, for rabbit cells, DGP is more effective compared with TFP, and for rat erythrocytes, on the contrary, the efficiency of TFP is higher than DGP. This may be due to differences in the phospholipid composition of mammalian erythrocyte membranes. The results suggest that under PHS conditions the efficacy of membrane-tropic compounds is most likely due to their ability to incorporate into membrane to the defect formation areas, and thus significantly increase the critical hemolytic volume of cells, as a result, prevent their destruction.

EVALUATION OF ANTIOXIDANT, ANTIBACTERIAL, ANTIHEMOLYTIC, AND PHYOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF FICUS BENJAMINA, FICUS INFECTORIA, AND FICUS KRISHNAE

Objective: The study was conducted for the evaluation of antioxidant, antibacterial, antihemolytic, and phytochemical activity of Ficus benjamina (FB), Ficus infectoria (FI), and Ficus krishnae (FK). Methods: The antioxidant analysis of FB, FI, and FK was done by 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging and nitric oxide (NO) scavenging assay. Evaluation was performed for antibacterial activity against Clostridium perfringens and Staphylococcus aureus by an agar well diffusion method. Hemolytic assay was performed with red blood cell suspension for evaluating antihemolytic activity. Standard protocols were used for phytochemical activity. Results: In the results of DPPH antioxidant activity assay, it was found that DPPH inhibition was significantly increased with increasing amount of extract. For NO scavenging assay, ANOVA revealed that the inhibition of NO is not significantly affected with an increase in the amount of extract used. Results of antibacterial activity revealed that methanolic extract of FI shows a maximum zone of inhibition (30.5 mm) against S. aureus and aqueous extract of FK shows a maximum zone of inhibition (28 mm) against C. perfringens. The antihemolytic activity of FB, FI, and FK was performed by measuring percentage inhibition of plant extracts at different concentrations. FK has shown maximum percentage inhibition activity, i.e., 28.64 % at 60 μg/ml, whereas FB shows minimum inhibition activity, i.e. 2.7 % at 40 μg/ml. Flavonoid content was found to be 0.593 μg/ml, 0.783 μg/ml, and 1.023 μg/ml, whereas phenolic content was found to be 0.267 μg/ml, 0.298 μg/ml, and 0.355 μg/ml for FB, FI, and FK, respectively. Conclusion: FB, FI, and FK extracts contain various phytochemicals which confirm that these plants can be used for therapeutic use and traditional medicine. The methanolic as well as aqueous extracts of the plants have shown the potential to kill the tested microorganism (C. perfringens and S. aureus) and hence can be used as an antibiotic and potential antibacterial.

Evaluation of Hemolytic and Anti-Hemolytic Activity of the Aerial Parts of Sonchus Oleraceus Extracts

Plants have been used as alternative remedy for the treatment of various ailments since ancient times. The present study aimed to evaluate some of the biological activities of the plant Sonchus oleraceus in vitro including the hemolytic and antihemolytic effect. Hydromethanolic 80% and aqueous extracts of the aerial parts of plant were prepared using ultrasound-assisted extraction. Phyto-chemical analysis, hemolytic and anti-hemolytic activity of both extracts of Sonchus oleraceus were assessed. Phyto-chemical screening revealed the presence of tannins, carbohydrates, flavonoids, saponins, and phenolic compounds in both extracts. Hemolytic activity assessment has been conducted, using spectrophotometric method. The extracts had low hemolytic effect towards human erythrocytes in concentration-dependent manner.The extracts showed moderate membrane stabilizing effect against hypotonic-induced hemolysis at concentration range of (250-1000 µg/ml). This study also showed that extracts had potential antioxidant activity through the inhibition of H2O2 induced hemolysis. Both extracts showed remarkable antihemolytic activity against H2O2 induced hemolysis at all tested concentrations. It was concluded that the extracts of S. oleraceus manifest low hemolytic effect, and had antihemolytic activity. However, these effects need to be confirmed using in vivo models.