Design and Development of Mupirocin Nanofibers as Medicated Textiles for Treatment of Wound Infection in Secondary Burns

The present study assessed the topical potential of nanofibers loaded with Mupirocin (MUP) for the treatment of burns. Nanofibers of MUP were composed of Polyvinyl Pyrrolidone (PVP), Gelatin Type-A, and Ethanol using two methods: Solvent casting and Electrospinning. Nanofibers were characterized for Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Drug Content Studies, in-vitro drug permeation, antibacterial and stability studies. The FT-IR studies showed that the Electrospinning technique had a very good mixing of MUP with the polymer. SEM studies showed that the morphology of electrospinning nanofibers had diameters in the range of 70.41 nm- 406.83 nm. The thermal decomposition studies of optimized Nanofiber (E.S.1) were performed by DSC and TGA study and it was found that the formulation had high stability in high-temperature environments. Permeation studies showed that E.S.1 had the highest percentage amount and controlled release of the drug (90 %) up to 8 has compared to other formulations. Nanofibers prepared through the Electrospinning technique showed better antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus as compared to the Solvent casting nanofibers. This research suggested that MUP loaded nanofibers can be potentially used as a topical drug delivery system for the treatment of burns.

A Review of Niosomes as Novel Drug Delivery Systems

The aim of this review is to present the structure of niosome, benefits and drawbacks, fundamentals of niosome preparation and characterization as well as a description of their applications in drug delivery. This review will provide an overview on the increasing interest on niosomes in the field of drug delivery. Drug delivery systems are defined as formulations aiming for transportation of a drug to the desired area of action within the body. The basic component of drug delivery systems is an appropriate carrier that protects the drug from rapid degradation or clearance and thereby enhances drug concentration in target tissues. Drug targeting is a kind of phenomenon in which drug gets distributed in the body in such a manner that the drug interacts with the target tissue at a cellular or subcellular level to achieve a desired therapeutic response at a desire site without undesirable interactions at other sites. This can be achieved by modern methods of targeting the drug delivery system such as niosomes. Niosomes are the type of non-ionic surfactant vesicles, which are biodegradable, non-toxic, more stable and inexpensive, a new approach to liposomes. Their structure similar to liposome and hence they can represent alternative vesicular systems with respect to liposomes. The niosomes have the tendency to load different type of drugs.

Poly-Herbal Formulations: Current Status and Future Perspectives for Treatment of Various Complications

In customary medication, the greater part of infections has been treated by reveling of plant or plant items. As indicated by the Ayurveda individual herbs are deficient to accomplish an ideal restorative impact. To conquer this issue numerous spice structure in certain proportion is utilized that will give a superior restorative impact in better manner with decreased harmfulness. To grow such mediation, current examination will address about polyherbal formulation uses and its outline in treatment of different diseases and ailments. Home grown medications have existed worldwide since long time ago, therefore they bear history, and they were utilized in Chinese, Egyptian and Indian medications for different treatment. This review primarily centers around significance of polyherbal and its clinical importance.

Nanoliposomal Topical Formulation for Increasing Safety and Combating Microbial Drug Resistance in Leprosy

Nanoliposomes were prepared using solvent injection method and topical spray using simple dispersion method. The particle size and % Entrapment Efficiency were found 18.01 ± 0.21 nm and 87.71 ± 0.12% respectively. TEM studies showed that the particles were in spherical shape. Drying time, volume per spray, area of film and dose uniformity were found to be 280 ± 0.002 sec, 0.16± 0.021 ml, 155.57 ± 0.012 cm2 and 0.15± 0.0012 ml respectively which showed good spraying conditions on the affected area. Stability study shows that dapsone and chaulmoogra oil loaded nanoliposomal topical spray was stable at accelerated condition up to 1 month. The present investigation provides a safe approach by improving the outer membrane permeability to combat microbial drug resistance and increasing safety in leprosy treatment.

Antitumor Efficacy of Silver Nanoparticles Biosynthe-sized from Marine Red Seaweed Halymenia porphyroides Boergesen on Dalton’s Lymphoma Ascites in Mice

The biosynthesized silver nanoparticles from marine red seaweed Halymenia porphyroides against Dalton’s lymphoma ascites (DLA)-induced tumor inoculation was studied for antitumor activity. The biosynthesized silver nanoparticles from marine red seaweed Halymenia porphyroides were given orally to Swiss albino mice (50 mg/kg/day) for 14 days showed a significant reduction in body weight, packed cell volume, andviable tumor cell count when compared to the mice of the DLA control group.The haematological parameters of the treatment group with biosynthesized silver nanoparticles also exhibited increased haemoglobin, RBCs, Platelets, and decreased WBCs compared to the DLA control group of mice. Similarly, the biochemical parameters like total cholesterol, aspartate amino-transferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), triglycerides (TL), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) of the treatment control group with biosynthesized silver nanoparticles reversed the parameters to normal levels compared to the DLA control group of mice. The antitumor efficacy of the biosynthesized silver nanoparticles from Halymenia porphyroides was confirmed based on the haematological, biochemical, life span, packed cell volume, cell count, and histopathological analysis.

Design and Evaluation of Efavirenz Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticle for Boosting Oral Bioavailability

Present work illustrates that efavirenz-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles were prepared with the objective of increasing bioavailability and protection of drugs due to biocompatible lipidic content. Efavirenz is generally used for the treatment of HIV. Selection of the suitable lipid phase, surfactant, and cosurfactant was done by individual screening method with the construction of pseudo-ternary phase study. The formulations were prepared by the microemulsion method followed by the lyophilization technique. EFV-SLN has shown a mean particle size of 55.73 ± 3.9 nm having a PDI of 0.153 ± 0.451. Zeta potential was found to be -9.98mV and the formulation was found stable. In vivo pharmaco-kinetic studies exhibited 5.41-fold enhancement in peak plasma concentration (

Simultaneous Estimation of Genotoxic Impurities 4-Nitrobenzene Trifluoride, 4-Aminobenzene Trifluoride, and Benzo Trichloride in Cinacalcet Hydrochloride by GC-MS/MS Method

The main objective of this study is to develop and validate a novel, fast, and more sensitive gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) method for the simultaneous estimation of 4-Nitrobenzotrifluoride (4-NBTF), 4-Amino-benzotrifluoride (4-ABTF), and Benzotrichloride (BTC) impurities in Cinacalcet hydrochloride (CH). The chromate-graphic separations were performed on a DB-624, 30m × 0.32mm × 1.8µm column with injector temperature of 150°C, and mode of injection is split with asplit ratio 1: 20. The carrier gas used was helium with a flowrate 1.5 mL/min, and theinjection load was 1.0 µL. Mass spectrometry quantitation was achieved by aquadrupole analyser with EI (Electron Ionization) ion source atasource temperature of 250ºC and interface temperature of 250ºC. The retention times for 4-NBTF, 4-ABTF, and BTC were at 6.13, 6.74and 7.64min, respectively. The calibration curve was linear over the concentration ranging from LOQ level to 150 % level with the correlation coefficient (r) of > 0.99. The percentage recovery was found to be within the specified range, i.e., 70.0 to 130.0 for the three impurities. The limit of detection (LOD) was established to 0.19, 0.19, and 0.18 ppm, whereas thelimit of quantification (LOQ) was obtained to 1.14, 1.12, and 1.11 ppm for 4-NBTF, 4-ABTF, and BTC, respectively. The test solutions with impurities were found to be stable in the diluent for 24 hours. A simple GC-MS/MS method was developed and validated for simultaneous estimation of three impurities in CH. The method was accurate, precise, linear, specific, sensitive, robust, and rugged as per ICH guidelines. The method has been applied to the real-time batch analysis and found to be suitable for routine quality control analysis of CH.

In Silico Studies of Bioactive Compounds from Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Against HER2 and ESR1 for Breast Cancer Treatment

The most common type of cancer and the second biggest cause of death is breast cancer. The disease is the leading cause of death in women aged 45 to 55. It's a multi-stage disease in which viruses have a role in one stage. Breast cancer is an illness that affects the sufferer, their family, and the entire community all over the world. Breast cancer has no established cause, however specific risk factors have been found. Age, race, gender, and family history are all fixed and immutable characteristics. Other elements, such as social and familial support, can help to mitigate the harmful effects.The aim of the present study was to investigate the bioactive ligand for the breast cancer treatment against the HER2 and ESR1 proteins by molecular docking studies. HER2 is an oncogene and membrane tyrosine kinase that is overexpressed and gene amplified in about 20% of breast tumours. When active, it sends proliferative and anti-apoptotic signals to the cell. It is the most important factor in the genesis and progression of breast cancer tumours. To carry out this work protein structures were download from the PDB database and ligands three dimensional structures were downloaded from the PubChem database. The docking was performed by using the iGEMDOCK software suit. The binding energies of bioactive molecules from Hibiscus rosa-sinensis were found to be Rutin (-139.779, -102.743), Quercetin (-106.5, -99.7807), Kaempferol (-105.824, -92.5271), Myricetin (-111.913, -99.603) and Methotrexate (-140.69, -130.165) against HER2 and ESR1 proteins respectively. Lowest energy of Rutin compared to Methotrexate showed highest binding among the other bioactive molecules.The binding energies of the molecules are the sum of hydrogen bond, vanderwaal’s and electrostatic energies that inversely linked to protein-ligand interaction. From the result of the current study we can conclude that among the four bioactive molecule rutin has lowest binding energy so it could be used as an inhibitor of HER2 and ESR1 protein for the treatment of breast carcinoma in future.

Synthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles from Psidium Guajava Leaf Extract

Green route for the synthesis of nanoparticles has become more acceptable than the other chemical as well as biological route. In the present study, silver nanoparticle is synthesized using ethanolic extract of Psidium guajava leaves. Further the synthesized silver nanoparticles were characterized by UV-Visible Spec, FT-IR, X-Ray Diffraction FESEM and E-DAX. The results of FT-IR provided evidence of the involvement of phytochemicals present in the leaf extract in the reduction of silver nitrate to silver nanoparticles. XRD confirmed the crystalline structure as well as shape of the synthesized nanoparticle as face-centred cubic. E-DAX profiling helped in determining the presence of elemental silver. The size of the nanoparticle procured by SEM analysis was found to be approximately 30-50 nm in size. Thus, the findings of this study showed that the plant assisted method for silver nanoparticle synthesis is more effective and further application level studies can shed lights on their use in healing of various human ailments.

Biosimilars: Novel Emerging Field of Biomedicine

A biosimilar is the new emerging drug product of the sector of Biologics that comes under speedily evolving area of pharmaceutical industry. It is the generic substitute for original research-based drugs. Since the Biologics are produced by a variety of products more commonly including cells extracted from humans, animals, microorganisms which varies phenotypically therefore they are “similar but not same” to the original product. Being a new product, it produces several challenges in the market including its regulation guidelines, production efficiency, quality management, and safety factors etc. The quality of these products along with its effectiveness and reduced costs are making them more and more popular. Different research is still being going on for enhancing the efficacy of biosimilars due to its more and more usage in the market. Several countries have developed their separate norms for the production and clinical usage of these biosimilars constituting Canada, Japan, Korea, and United States of America etc. The more biologics grab the attention of the eminent scientists for better innovations, the less marketing approval it gets. To enhance such a situation U S Congress passed the Biologics Price Competition and Innovation act 2009 and US FDA allowed “abbreviated pathway” for their approval and India being the most suited manufacturing area has also prepared certain guidelines stated as “Draft Guidelines on Similar Biologics” which were announced in June 2012, by Department of Biotechnology at Boston bio. The regulatory environment for biosimilars continues to evolve, both in recognition of advances in technology/ analytical methods and the availability of new targets for biosimilar development. With the advent of such efforts biosimilars are trying to surround the market. The demanding sector of biosimilars reveals the challenging gateway towards the nanomedicines also which shows that with the advancing biotechnology after these biosimilars, we are heading towards other newly biologically derived products.