Gender, Educational Attainment, and Job Quality in Germany, Sweden, and the UK: Evidence from the 2015 European Working Conditions Survey

This research aims to explore the relationships between gender, educational attainment, and job quality, including work autonomy, work intensity, and job satisfaction across Germany, Sweden, and the UK. The European Working Conditions Survey 2015 was used to achieve this research objective. Descriptive statistics and multivariate regression analysis were used to determine how educational level plays an important role in creating gender differences in job quality across three countries. The findings show that receiving postsecondary education can improve work autonomy for both German and Swedish women. However, postsecondary education has different impacts on gender gaps in job quality in these countries. While postsecondary education lowers the gender gap in work autonomy and intensity in Sweden, postsecondary education increases the gender gap in work autonomy and intensity in Germany. Postsecondary education does not significantly decrease gender differences in job satisfaction in Germany or Sweden or any of our job quality measures in the UK. These findings challenge the commonly held belief that higher education has a positive effect on job quality. In fact, gender norms and national institutional factors may also play important roles in this relationship.

The Influence of Work Autonomy, Workload, Work Bornage and Interpersonal Conflict on Nurse Performance in Patient

The problem of work stress is still a trend in various parts of the world. In Europe, the problem of work stress ranks second after musculoskeletal disorders. Sources of work stress which consist of autonomy, workload, work saturation and interpersonal conflicts are a challenge for hospitals in terms of employee performance issues. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of work autonomy, workload, work saturation and interpersonal conflict on the performance of nurses in the Inpatient Installation of RSUD Bima.The research design used was non-experimental quantitative analytical observational. The research sample was 154 nurses in the inpatient room. The analysis in this study used univariate, bivariate and multivariate analysis with multiple linear regression with 95% confidence level or nilai <0.05.The results showed that the value of work autonomy (0.000), workload (0.013), work boredom (0.014) and interpersonal conflict (0.006) < 0.05 which means that all variables affect the performance of nurses and result of logistic regresion it was found that the most dominant variable was interpersonal conflict with the highest Odds Ratio value of 3.764,which means that interpersonal conflict was the most influential variable on the performance of nurses.Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that work autonomy, workload, work saturation and interpersonal conflict affect the performance of nurses, and the most influential variable is work saturation with the largest t value of 2.486. It is recommended for the Head of Nursing and Head of Room to evaluate the performance of nurses in the room to the maximum, and make a performance-based supervision program and assessment of service users

Work life balance and job-related affective wellbeing: moderating role of work autonomy

Studies have been suggesting that millennials put a higher emphasis on their subjective wellbeing experience at work as an aspect in their decision to stay in an organisation. In this paper, we investigated how work-life balance explained job-related affective wellbeing among millennial employees. In addition, we investigated how work autonomy moderated the relationship between work-life balance and job-related affective wellbeing. Our assumptions were; 1) those who had higher work-life balance experienced better job-related affective wellbeing, and 2) when under high work autonomy, job-related affective wellbeing levels will be higher compared to when in lower levels. To test our proposition, we surveyed a total of 272 millennial workers using PROCESS MACRO SPPSS extension. Our results suggested that work autonomy had an extremely important role in increasing millennial workers’ affective wellbeing. Affective wellbeing state of millennial workers were significantly higher when under high work autonomy levels compared to when they were lower. Implication of this paper includes understanding the importance of work autonomy inside the organisation towards millennial workers. It also offers several managerial implications on key areas to improve affective wellbeing of millennials at work.

Examining the Relationship between Work Autonomy and Intragroup Conflict: A Case Study of the Financial Services Industry in Taiwan

The services sector—an essential pillar of Taiwan’s economy—accounts for 59.2% of the country’s employment and 63.2% of the national GDP. With individualism gaining momentum, many people employed in the booming services sector are seeking autonomy in their workplaces, where increased interaction time among colleagues underlines the importance of collaboration. Conflicts are inevitable in these interactions, particularly in today’s diversified society that embraces different ideas and values. Building on prior studies of intragroup conflict, we construct a model that depicts the relationship between financial services workers’ work autonomy and intragroup conflict. A questionnaire survey of workers in Taiwan’s financial institutions is conducted and 266 valid samples are collected. The empirical results obtained through structural equation modeling tests and analysis indicate that work autonomy negatively affects intragroup conflict.

THE MEDIATING ROLE OF PERSONAL INITIATIVE IN THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TEACHERS' WORK AUTONOMY AND SUBJECTIVE WELL-BEING

The aim of the study is to examine the mediating role of personal initiative in the relationship between job autonomy and subjective well-being in the Turkish education system. In this context, the research was carried out on a sample created by the convenience sampling method on the teachers working in the 2019-2020 Education and Training Period at the primary and secondary education levels within the borders of Ankara Metropolitan Municipality. The data of the research are collected by using three scala, job autonomy scale, subjective well-being scale and personal initiative scale. Relational scanning model was used to determine the direction and level of change between the variables subject to the research, and partial least squares-structural equation model was used for the structural analysis of the established model. SmartPLS package program and R programming language were used in the study. In the analyses, the assumptions that need to be provided about the data were checked first, and then the established model was tested. As a result of the analysis; It has been determined that there is a significant and same-sided relationship between job autonomy, subjective well-being and personal initiative variables, and personal initiative plays a full mediator role in the relationship between work autonomy and subjective well-being. It is considered that the study will contribute to the organizational behavior literature and that the results obtained from the research can form the basis for future studies. Key words: Job Autonomy, Subjective Well-Being, Personal Initiative

The Effect of Job Autonomy on Employee Innovative Behavior: The Role of Job Satisfaction as Intervening Variable

Employee job satisfaction in covid-19 conditions and situations that need to be considered are those employees who work in Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) units. Interestingly, peeling employee job satisfaction in scientific studies is expected to provide various inputs to business managers or business owners who are controlled through work autonomy and innovative behavior in organizations. This research was conducted on the community in the Rantaurapat area around. The questionnaires collected were 100 questionnaires, the respondents in this study were 100 respondents. This research is research using quantitative methods, the researcher in this case distributes questionnaires to get data from respondents using Google Form, and then the data is analyzed using the help of SPSS 23 and AMOS version 23. Based on the results of research and discussion that have been trusted in the previous section, it can be concluded that work autonomy can increase job satisfaction in employees and be able to increase employee innovation behavior. The firm that can provide opportunities for their employees to develop and innovate without feeling pressured at work will provide satisfaction to these employees in working and advancing the company. The results of this study also indicate that job satisfaction did not mediate the effect of job satisfaction on innovation behavior, because the direct effect of job autonomy on innovative behavior was greater than indirect effect via job satisfaction.

The Effect of Work Autonomy and Workload on Job Satisfaction of Female Workers in the Banking Sector: Mediating the Role of Work Life Balance

The research focused on the role of work-life balance to mediate the effect of work autonomy and workload on female workers’ job satisfaction, particularly in the banking sector. By applying quantitative approach and data collection, the research used questionnaire to 100 female workers in the banking sector in Malang city, East Java, and analyzed using Partial Least Square (PLS) software. The results show that workload has a significant effect on work-life balance. Work autonomy, workload, and work-life balance have a direct and insignificant effect on job satisfaction. Nevertheless, the research highlights the importance of managing work-life balance especially for female workers related to high workload and less autonomy for their job satisfaction in the banking sector especially in Malang.