Community Dynamics of Fungi During the Progression of Human Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer

Background: Lung cancer is the most common cancer worldwide. The correlation between lung microbiota dysbiosis and lung cancer has been explored. However, the characteristics of the lung mycobiome in lung cancer patients has not been fully examined. In this study, we performed metagenomic sequencing on bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) from 24 patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and 14 non-cancerous controls with benign mass. Results: We observed greater fungal diversity and connectivity in NSCLC patients compared to non-cancer controls. Network analysis revealed that the sum of degrees in NSCLC was more numerous, suggesting the connections of fungal communities were more active. The community networks were reconstructed in 4 main ecological modules. The module and network hubs included Vanderwaltozyma polyspora, Apiotrichum porosum, Lobosporangium transversal, Capronia epimyces and Pseudomicrostroma glucosiphilum. Random forest analysis and DESeq2 were performed to screen out distinct species in two seperate groups and 3 fungi Alternaria arborescens, Eremoyces bilateralis and Malassezia restricta were identified as potential diagnosis biomarkers for NSCLC patients. In these 3 fungi, the relative abundance of Alternaria arborescens was gradually increasing as NSCLC progressed. Conclusions: Taken together, our study innovatively proposes that changes in the structure of fungal communities in lung cancer may be closely related to lung carcinogenesis as well as its progression and the distinct species listed above could be used to detect and monitor NSCLC.

First Report of Alternaria arborescens Causing Early Blight on Tomato in Iraq

In this paper, the isolation of the fungal species Alternaria arborescens was done from symptomatic tomato leaves and diagnosed morphologically and molecularly using ITS primers. Subsequently, pathogenicity determination was achieved for the diagnosed fungal species on tomato plant. It’s noteworthy, this work on A. arborescens was not previously recorded as a potential pathogen on the shoot system of tomato in Iraq.

Draft Genome Sequences of Alternaria Strains Isolated from Grapes and Apples

Here, we report the draft genome sequences of Alternaria alternata, isolated from seedless grapes, and Alternaria arborescens and Alternaria atra, isolated from Red Delicious apples, all from the Washington, DC, area.

ANTAGONISMO DE Trichoderma spp. EN HONGOS ASOCIADOS AL DAÑO DE Diatraea saccharalis Fabricius. (LEPIDOPTERA : CRAMBIDAE ) EN MAIZ

El objetivo del presente trabajo, fue evaluar in vitro, mediante cultivo dual la capacidad antagónica de las cepas de Trichoderma asperellum T11, Trichoderma harzianum T1 4, y Trichoderma longibrachiatum T1 40 sobre hongos asociados; Alternaria arborescens, Bipolaris shoemakeri, Bipolaris victoriae, Epicocum sorghinum, Exserohilum longirostratum, Fusarium brevicatenulatum, Penicillium polonicum, Phaeocytostroma ambiguum y Fusarium equiseti, el muestreo se realizó en Tepalcingo, Morelos en tallos de maíz y el experimento se estableció en el laboratorio de Fitopatología de la Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro en el mes de abril de 2018. La evaluación se realizó bajo un diseño factorial AxB, con nueve niveles en A y tres en B con cuatro repeticiones por tratamiento, siendo A las cepas de hongos fitopatógenos y B las tres cepas de Trichoderma, se colocó en el extremo de la placa de Petri un explante de PDA con micelio de Trichoderma spp. de 5 mm de diámetro, y en el extremo opuesto un explante del hongo fitopatógeno, las siembras fueron incubadas a 25 ± 2 ºC por 120 h, evaluándose las medias del Porcentaje de Inhibición en el Crecimiento del Micelio (PICM) mediante la fórmula de Fakhrunnisa modificada y se determinó el área de desarrollo de los hongos mediante el software GeoGebra Classic versión 5.0.473.0-d, los resultados se analizaron con el programa (FAUANL) versión 2.5, mediante Tukey con nivel de significancia de 0.05, con efectos de antagonismo mayores del 67.74%.