scholarly journals ANTAGONISMO DE Trichoderma spp. EN HONGOS ASOCIADOS AL DAÑO DE Diatraea saccharalis Fabricius. (LEPIDOPTERA : CRAMBIDAE ) EN MAIZ

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
JOSE LUIS ARISPE VAZQUEZ ◽  
ABIEL SANCHEZ ARIZPE ◽  
MA. ELIZABETH GALINDO CEPEDA ◽  
MARIO ERNESTO VAZQUEZ BADILLO ◽  
ARNOLDO OYERVIDES GARCIA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Trichoderma Asperellum ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Fusarium Equiseti ◽  
Trichoderma Longibrachiatum ◽  
Diatraea Saccharalis ◽  
Alternaria Arborescens

El objetivo del presente trabajo, fue evaluar in vitro, mediante cultivo dual la capacidad antagónica de las cepas de Trichoderma asperellum T11, Trichoderma harzianum T1 4, y Trichoderma longibrachiatum T1 40 sobre hongos asociados; Alternaria arborescens, Bipolaris shoemakeri, Bipolaris victoriae, Epicocum sorghinum, Exserohilum longirostratum, Fusarium brevicatenulatum, Penicillium polonicum, Phaeocytostroma ambiguum y Fusarium equiseti, el muestreo se realizó en Tepalcingo, Morelos en tallos de maíz y el experimento se estableció en el laboratorio de Fitopatología de la Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro en el mes de abril de 2018. La evaluación se realizó bajo un diseño factorial AxB, con nueve niveles en A y tres en B con cuatro repeticiones por tratamiento, siendo A las cepas de hongos fitopatógenos y B las tres cepas de Trichoderma, se colocó en el extremo de la placa de Petri un explante de PDA con micelio de Trichoderma spp. de 5 mm de diámetro, y en el extremo opuesto un explante del hongo fitopatógeno, las siembras fueron incubadas a 25 ± 2 ºC por 120 h, evaluándose las medias del Porcentaje de Inhibición en el Crecimiento del Micelio (PICM) mediante la fórmula de Fakhrunnisa modificada y se determinó el área de desarrollo de los hongos mediante el software GeoGebra Classic versión 5.0.473.0-d, los resultados se analizaron con el programa (FAUANL) versión 2.5, mediante Tukey con nivel de significancia de 0.05, con efectos de antagonismo mayores del 67.74%.

scholarly journals AVALIAÇÃO IN VITRO DA INIBIAÇÃO DO CRESCIMENTO MICELIAL DO FITOPATÓGENO SCLEROTINIA SCLEROTIORUM POR ISOLADOS DE TRICHODERMA SPP.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamila Lourrane Carvalho Alencar Rocha ◽  
Kárita Cristine Rodrigues Dos Santos ◽  
Maraiza Castro Bezerra ◽  
Vanice Conceição Do Nascimento
Keyword(s):  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Trichoderma Asperellum ◽  
Trichoderma Spp

Introdução: O fitopatógeno Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, causador da doença conhecida popularmente como mofo-branco, acomete diversas culturas agrícolas em todo o mundo, sendo a soja uma das principais monoculturas mais afetadas. Seu alto grau de patogenicidade está associado à sua capacidade de formar escleródios que atuam como mecanismo de resistência e sobrevivência, podendo permanecer viáveis no solo por mais de dez anos e, em muitos casos, são resistentes aos agroquímicos. Considerando a necessidade de métodos biotecnológicos que contribuam no desenvolvimento agrícola sem promover danos ao ambiente e a população, os agentes de controle biológico (ACBs) são hoje vistos como um excelente artifício. Fungos do gênero Trichoderma podem ser considerados ACBs sagazes por apresentar inúmeros mecanismos com alto potencial antagônico a diversos fitopatógenos, que prejudicam a germinação de esporos, o crescimento das hifas e o desenvolvimento de escleródios. Objetivo: Avaliar o potencial antagônico de isolados de Trichoderma em inibir o crescimento micelial do fitopatógeno S. sclerotiorum através da liberação de metabólitos voláteis. Material e Métodos: Para análise da produção de metabólitos voláteis, os isolados Trichoderma harzianum ALL-42 e o Trichoderma asperellum TR-356 e o fitopatógeno S. sclerotiorum, foram dispostos em fundos de placas de Petri com meio Batata Dextrose Ágar (BDA), em face opostas ao outro, onde, no inferior estava o isolado de Trichoderma e no superior o fitopatógeno. Uma placa controle contendo apenas o fitopatógeno foi feita para comparação dos resultados. Resultados: Ambos isolados de Trichoderma apresentaram resultados positivos na inibição do crescimento micelial de S. sclerotiorum. Conclusão: A produção de metabólitos voláteis é uma ação secundária do gênero Trichoderma, ou seja, sua sobrevivência não depende desse mecanismo, ainda assim, esses metabólitos agem contra os antagonistas presentes no meio. Com isso, podemos verificar o quão eficiente é esse gênero como agente de controle biológico, entretanto, outros isolados precisam ser testados no intuito de encontrarmos agentes mais especialistas na defesa contra o fitopatógeno S. sclerotiorum, e dessa forma instigar os benefícios do emprego de agentes biotecnológicos no campo, visando a redução da aplicação de produtos químicos na agricultura.

scholarly journals In Vitro Antagonistic Study of Maize Root Colonizing Fungal Isolates Against Fusarium moniliforme Causing Ear Rot Disease of Maize

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-139
Author(s):  
Parimal Mandal ◽  
◽  
Zerald Tiru ◽  
Monalisha Sarkar ◽  
Arka Chakroborty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Culture Collection ◽  
Maize Root ◽  
Trichoderma Asperellum ◽  
Ear Rot ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting

In the present study, different root colonizing fungal isolates were isolated from the rhizospheric soil of maize growing areas of Uttar Dinajpur, West Bengal. All the isolates including test pathogen were identified from Indian Type Culture Collection, New Delhi. Plant growth promoting maize root colonizing fungal isolates- Penicillium pinophilum (ITC NO. 11,201.19), Trichoderma harzianum (ITC NO.11,203.19), Trichoderma asperellum (ITC NO. 11,209.19), Aspergillus niger (ITC NO. 11,204.19) and Penicillum purpurogenum (ITC NO. 11,207.19) exhibited antagonistic activities against F. moniliforme (ITC NO. 11,208.19) in vitro. Two antagonistic isolates of T. harzianum and eleven strains of T. asperellum showed antibiosis mechanism for antagonism against F. moniliforme with the range of Percent Inhibition of Radial Growth from 62.41% to 88.57%. Competitive mode of antagonism against test pathogen by the isolates of P. pinophilum, P. purpurogenum and six isolates of A. niger were found. Percent of inhibition of radial growth ranged from 57.14% to 91.42%. In our finding, antagonistic isolates especially Trichoderma harzianum (ITC NO. 11,203.19), Trichoderma asperellum (ITC NO. 11,209.19) strains either single or in combination with rest maize root colonizing strains could be used as potent growth promoters as well as biocontrol (BCA) agents.

The antagonistic properties of Trichoderma spp. inhabiting woods for potential biological control of wood-damaging fungi

Holzforschung ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (7) ◽  
pp. 883-887 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaejung Lee ◽  
Nayoon Huh ◽  
Joo Hyun Hong ◽  
Beom Seok Kim ◽  
Gyu-Hyeok Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Chitinase Activity ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Trichoderma Longibrachiatum ◽  
Antagonistic Effects ◽  
Volatile Metabolites ◽  
Antagonistic Potential ◽  
Trichoderma Aureoviride

Abstract The antagonistic potential of Trichoderma spp. for biological control of wood-damaging fungi was investigated in the present paper. In vitro assays to investigate antifungal characteristics of Trichoderma spp. were conducted with various wood-damaging fungi. Exo-chitinase activity of the isolates was also measured. Three typical wood decayers and three sap-stainers served as target fungi. The antagonistic abilities of each Trichoderma species differed markedly according to the target fungus. The growth inhibition rates shown by the non-volatile metabolites against the wood decayers reached 100% for Trichoderma harzianum KUC1459. The antibiotics produced by Trichoderma dorotheae KUC5027, a recently reported species of Trichoderma, revealed strong antagonistic effects against sap-stainers. Trichoderma gamsii KUC1747 effectively inhibited the growth of all wood-damaging fungi in dual culture tests. The exo-chitinases of Trichoderma longibrachiatum KUC1540, Trichoderma aureoviride KUC1335, and T. harzianum KUC1459 showed significantly high activity.

scholarly journals Trichoderma harzianum como herramienta en el manejo integrado de enfermedades de tomate

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Román Müller
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Lycopersicum ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽  
Nuevas Tecnologías

En nuestro país como a nivel mundial, el tomate (Solanum lycopersicum L. = Lycopersicun esculetum Mill.), es una de las hortalizas más consumida y de mayor valor económico. Durante su cultivo, se encuentra expuesto a distintas plagas, entre ellas a Sclerotium rolfsii. Para un control eficiente de las enfermedades es conveniente utilizar un manejo integrado de plagas, utilizando distintas técnicas de cultivo tanto clásicas como nuevas tecnologías como el control biológico, que contemplen paralelamente el cuidado del medio ambiente y la producción del cultivo. Trichoderma spp., es uno de los organismos más utilizados para el control biológico de las enfermedades de origen fúngico. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la eficacia de la cepa de Trichoderma harzianum del IFSC como controlador biológico de Sclerotium rolfsii, ya sea sola o con fungicidas comerciales y analizar su capacidad como promotora de crecimiento del cultivo de tomate platense variedad Luna. Se evaluó el comportamiento de Th del IFSC para controlar a Sclerotium rolfsii in vitro, en cámara de crecimiento y a campo. Como resultado de los ensayos se comprobó que la cepa de Th del IFSC incrementó la germinación en condiciones in vitro e inhibió el desarrollo de S. rolfsii, poniéndose en evidencia el mecanismo de destrucción de los esclerocios. Indujo la promoción del crecimiento de la plántula obteniéndose plantas con mayor sanidad y porte. La cepa Th del IFSC tuvo mayor afinidad con el fungicida Captan incrementando la germinación y el desarrollo de las plántulas en el cultivo de tomate. Se comprobó la factibilidad del uso de Th del IFSC en un planteo de manejo integrado en el cultivo de tomate platense variedad Luna ya sea sola o con un fungicida como Captan.

scholarly journals Antagonism of Trichoderma harzianum ETS 323 on Botrytis cinerea Mycelium in Culture Conditions

2012 ◽  
Vol 102 (11) ◽  
pp. 1054-1063 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi-Hua Cheng ◽  
Chia-Ann Yang ◽  
Kou-Cheng Peng
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Hyphal Growth ◽  
Extracellular Proteins ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Acid Oxidase ◽  
Amino Acid Oxidase ◽  
Trichoderma Spp

Previous studies have shown that the extracellular proteins of Trichoderma harzianum ETS 323 grown in the presence of deactivated Botrytis cinerea in culture include a putative l-amino acid oxidase and have suggested the involvement of this enzyme in the antagonistic mechanism. Here, we hypothesized that the mycoparasitic process of Trichoderma spp. against B. cinerea involves two steps; that is, an initial hyphal coiling stage and a subsequent hyphal coiling stage, with different coiling rates. The two-step antagonism of T. harzianum ETS 323 against B. cinerea during the mycoparasitic process in culture was evaluated using a biexponential equation. In addition, an l-amino acid oxidase (Th-l-AAO) was identified from T. harzianum ETS 323. The secretion of Th-l-AAO was increased when T. harzianum ETS 323 was grown with deactivated hyphae of B. cinerea. Moreover, in vitro assays indicated that Th-l-AAO effectively inhibited B. cinerea hyphal growth, caused cytosolic vacuolization in the hyphae, and led to hyphal lysis. Th-l-AAO also showed disease control against the development of B. cinerea on postharvest apple fruit and tobacco leaves. Furthermore, an apoptosis-like response, including the generation of reactive oxygen species, was observed in B. cinerea after treatment with Th-l-AAO, suggesting that Th-l-AAO triggers programmed cell death in B. cinerea. This may be associated with the two-step antagonism of T. harzianum ETS 323 against B. cinerea.

scholarly journals Combinatorial efficacy of Trichoderma spp. and Pseudomonas fluorescens to enhance suppression of cell wall degrading enzymes produced by Fusarium wilt of Arachis hypogaea.L

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 36-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Rajeswari ◽  
R Kapoor
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Pectin Methylesterase ◽  
Biocontrol Agents ◽  
Cell Wall Degrading Enzymes ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Pectinolytic Enzymes

Fusarium oxysporum, the soil borne pathogen causes vascular wilt, on majority of crop plants. It has been demonstrated that two different species of Trichoderma and Pseudomonas fluorescens suppress disease by different mechanisms. Therefore, application of a mixture of these biocontrol agents, and thus of several suppressive mechanisms, may represent a viable control strategy. A necessity for biocontrol by combinations of biocontrol agents can be the compatibility of the co-inoculated micro-organisms. Hence, compatibility between Trichoderma spp. and Pseudomonas fluorescens that have the ability to suppress Fusarium oxysporum in vitro on the activity of pectinolytic enzymes of Fusarium oxysporum. The activity of pectinolytic enzymes, i.e. pectin methyl esterase, endo and exo polymethylgalacturonases and exo and endo pectin trans eliminases produced by Fusarium oxysporum (Control) was higher. Maximum inhibition of pectin methylesterase, exo and endo polymethylgalacturonase and exo and endopectin trans eliminase was shown by culture filtrate of Trichoderma viride + Pseudomonas fluorescens (Tv+Pf) (1+2%), followed by Trichoderma harzianum + Pseudomonas fluorescens, (Th +Pf) (1.5+2%) and Trichoderma viride + Trichoderma harzianum (Tv+Th) (1+1.5%). However, pathogenecity suppression of Fusarium oxysporum, a causative of Arachis hypogaea. L by the compatible combination of Trichodema viride + Pseudomonas fluorescens (1+2%) was significantly better as compared to the single bio-agent. This indicates that specific interactions between biocontrol agents influence suppression of pathogenicity factors directly by combinations of these compatible bio-agents.Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. & Tech. 7 (2): 36-42, December, 2017

scholarly journals Identificación de especies de cepas nativas de Trichoderma sp. y Bacillus sp. y evaluación de su potencial antagonista in vitro frente al hongo fitopatógeno nativo Moniliophthora roreri en el departamento de Norte de Santander

Respuestas ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-56
Author(s):  
Liliana Yanet-Suárez ◽  
Claudia Patricia Cabrales
Keyword(s):  
Trichoderma Asperellum ◽  
Bacillus Sp ◽  
Trichoderma Longibrachiatum ◽  
Trichoderma Sp ◽  
Para Determinar ◽  
Moniliophthora Roreri

La moniliasis causada por el hongo Moniliophthora roreri es la enfermedad más grave que ataca el cacao, que se presenta en casi todas las zonas del país ocasionando graves pérdidas al agricultor. Se realizó la identificación de la especie de seis cepas del hongo Trichoderma sp. Procedentes de los municipios de: El Zulia, El Tarra, Bucarasica, Cúcuta y el corregimiento de Agua Clara y una cepa bacteriana de Bacillus sp. Aislada en el municipio de Bucarasica, las cuales fueron evaluadas para determinar su potencial antagónico frente a siete cepas nativas del hongo fitopatógeno Moniliophthora roreri aisladas en los municipios: El Zulia, Tibú, Teorama, Sardinata y Bucarasica. Las pruebas de antagonismo que se desarrollaron fueron: plato dual, metabolitos difusibles y plato precolonizado. En todas las pruebas, se empleó un diseño experimental completamente al azar y tres repeticiones por tratamiento. Se pudo establecer que durante los 8 días de evaluación, se ejerció un efecto antagónico e hiperparásitico significativo de (a=0.05) por parte de las cepas de Trichoderma sp. frente las cepas de M. roreri, sólo tres de las seis cepas de Trichoderma sp., mostraron un alto efecto antagónico frente a M. roreri, tanto en forma micelial como metabólica; la cepa bacteriana Bacillus sp., no arrojó resultados positivos en el enfrentamiento. Las cepas del hongo antagónico fueron identificadas como Trichoderma asperellum y Trichoderma longibrachiatum, la cepa bacteriana fue identificada como Bacillus brevis.Palabras Clave: Moniliophthora roreri; Trichoderma sp.; Bacillus sp.; control biológico. 

scholarly journals OPTIMIZING THE PRODUCTION OF A FUNCTIONAL TYPE A RECOMBINANT ENDOCHITINASE FROM Trichoderma asperellum IN Escherichia coli

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 871-880
Author(s):  
Nguyen Ngoc Luong ◽  
Nguyen Quang Duc Tien ◽  
Phung Thi Bich Hoa ◽  
Nguyen Hoang Tue ◽  
Mai Thi Thu Hien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Soluble Protein ◽  
Total Soluble Protein ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Trichoderma Asperellum ◽  
Freezing And Thawing ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Iptg Induction ◽  
Preparative Scale

Chitinases from the genus Trichoderma fungi are mainly responsible for their anti-fungal activities, which allow them to become the most widely used fungal biocontrol. Therefore, several Trichoderma chitinases have been cloned and expressed to facilitate their production and applications. A previous study of the same authors has characterized an endochitinase from a relatively novel Trichoderma spp., Trichoderma asperellum. To produce this enzyme more economically and efficiently, we reported the synthesis and expression of its synthetic encoding gene in the Escherichia coli M15 strain and established the optimal conditions for preparative scale production of the enzyme in its functional form. By lowering the induction temperatures, we observed substantial improvement in the expression levels of the active enzyme.  At 30 oC and 0.5 mM IPTG induction, 1 L of cells yielded approximately 80 - 100 mg of soluble protein, accounting for about 9-11 % of total soluble protein. This figure may be an underestimation of the actual yield, as deduced from the SDS-PAGE data. The recombinant enzyme can be retrieved by simple repeated freezing and thawing cycles and purified to near homogeneity using Ni-NTA chromatography. The purified enzyme showed in vitro colloidal chitin hydrolysis activity. These results could be scaled up to produce soluble 42 kDa chitinase in E. coli. The study demonstrated an economical method to produce chitinases for various agricultural and environmental applications.

scholarly journals Antagonism of Trichoderma harzianum and Trichoderma viride on isolates of Fusarium spp. from Nicotiana tabacum

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 867-886
Author(s):  
Wilson Ceiro-Catasú ◽  
Yusel Vega-González ◽  
María Taco-Sánchez ◽  
Ramiro Gaibor-Fernández ◽  
Oandis Sosa-Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Nicotiana Tabacum ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Native Strains

Tobacco production is a key line in the Cuban economy and generates the largest income in the agricultural sector. Within phytopathogens affecting this plant, Fusarium spp., constitutes a pest of interest, due to vascular involvements that cause deterioration of the commercial value of the leaf. Therefore, the research was carried out with the aim of determining the antagonistic activity in vitro of native strains of Trichoderma harzianum and T. viride on isolates of Fusarium oxysporum and F. phyllophylum, from Nicotiana tabacum L. in Granma province, Cuba. The work was carried out at the Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, University of Granma. Half dextrose potato agar was prepared to establish the dual crops of Trichoderma spp. vs. Fusarium spp. Once the treatments were established and the incubation time had elapsed, the percentage inhibition of mycelial growth, antagonistic capacity and mycoparasitic activity was determined. A fully randomized design with four replicas per treatment was used and a two factorial ANOVA and Tukey test (p≤0.05) were used for statistical processing. It was shown that the strains of Trichoderma spp., recorded intermediate values of phytopathogenic inhibition, the competitiveness of the antagonist was mostly located in class two of the Bell scale and it was found that penetration, winding, vacuolization, deformation and granulation constitute the main forms of mycoparasitism. Which points to this biocontrol method as an alternative to consider for the management of Fusarium spp., in tobacco agroecosystems.

scholarly journals Biocontrol del moho foliar del tomate Cladosporium fulvum empleando cuatro hongos antagonistas

Bragantia ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrique Torres ◽  
José Iannacone ◽  
Hilda Gomez
Keyword(s):  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Cladosporium Fulvum ◽  
Trichoderma Spp

El moho foliar Cladosporium fulvum (Cooke 1883) produce una enfermedad que ataca el cultivo de tomate en invernadero en el Perú. Como alternativa al control de este patógeno se probó la eficiencia bajo condiciones in vitro e invernadero de cuatro hongos antagonistas: Hansfordia pulvinata (Berk y Curt 1958), Trichoderma harzianum (Rifai 1969), T. viride (Persoon 1821) y T. virens (Miller, Giddens y Foster 1963). El cultivo y crecimiento de los hongos se realizó en Agar Sabouraud para Trichoderma spp. y en Agar Jugo V8 para H. pulvinata. El bioensayo empleado fue el de placas precolonizadas propuesto por Krauss. En condiciones in vitro se observó que a 24 ºC y 72 h, el crecimiento de T. harzianum fue estadísticamente diferente de las otras tres especies ensayadas, y a 28 ºC fue similar a T. viride. A 24 ºC y a las 120 h, T. virens fue diferente de todas las especies evaluadas. A las 168 h el crecimiento de las tres especies de Trichoderma fue estadísticamente similar, diferenciándose de H. pulvinata. A 28 ºC a las 120 h y 168 h los resultados fueron estadísticamente similares para las tres especies de Trichoderma, pero diferentes de H. pulvinata. El mecanismo de acción más común para los hongos antagonistas fue el micoparasitismo. Finalmente, T. harzianum fue más eficiente debido a que redujo la severidad de la enfermedad en un 19,35 % bajo condiciones de invernadero.

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