A professional knowledge base for collaborative reflection education: a qualitative description of teacher goals and strategies

Introduction For several decades, educational experts have promoted reflection as essential to professional development. In the medical setting, collaborative reflection has gained significant importance across the curriculum. Collaborative reflection has a unique edge over individual reflection, but many medical teachers find facilitating group reflection sessions challenging and there is little documentation about the didactics of teaching in such collaborative reflection settings. To address this knowledge gap, we aim to capture the professional knowledge base for facilitating collaborative reflection by analyzing the formal and perceived goals and strategies of this practice. Methods The professional knowledge base consists of formal curricular materials as well as individual teacher expertise. Using Template Analysis, we analyzed the goals and strategies of collaborative reflection reported in institutional training documents and video-stimulated interviews with individual teachers across all Dutch general practitioner training institutes. Results The analysis resulted in a highly diverse overview of educational goals for residents during the sessions, teacher goals that contribute to those educational goals, and a myriad of situation-specific teacher strategies to accomplish both types of goals. Teachers reported that the main educational goal was for residents to learn and develop and that the teachers’ main goal was to facilitate learning and development by ensuring everyone’s participation in reflection. Key teacher strategies to that end were to manage participation, to ensure a safe learning environment, and to create conditions for learning. Discussion The variety of strategies and goals that constitute the professional knowledge base for facilitating collaborative reflection in postgraduate medical education shows how diverse and situation-dependent such facilitation can be. Our analysis identifies a repertoire of tools that both novice and experienced teachers can use to develop their professional skill in facilitating collaborative reflection.

From Teachers’ Personal Achievement Goals to Students’ Perceptions of Classroom Goal Structures: Via Student-oriented Goals and Specific Instructional Practices

While research has documented associations between teachers’ achievement goals and students’ perceptions of classroom goals, little is known about the mechanisms behind these effects. To enlighten the mode of operation of teacher goals on students’ perceptions of instructional practices and classroom goal structures, a study with 84 secondary school teachers and their 1,447 students (ranging from 7th to 9th grade) in the subject of mathematics was conducted. Classroom goal structures and a wide range of specific mastery and performance-oriented instructional practices derived from Ames’ (1992) TARGET model were assessed via student reports. Teachers reported two types of goals, namely personal achievement goals and student-oriented goals. Two-level path modeling indicated that both types of teacher goals were of relevance. Student reports of teachers’ specific mastery-oriented instructional practices were predicted by teachers’ student-oriented goals and, indirectly, by their personal mastery goals (positively) and performance approach goals (negatively), while performance-oriented instructional practices were negatively predicted by teachers’ personal mastery goals. Perceived classroom goal structures were closely related to these specific instructional practices and also indirectly predicted by teachers’ personal and student-oriented goals.

TEACHER PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT CYCLE BASED ON EMPLOYEE’S TARGET

The purpose of this study is to know how teacher performance management as a continuous performance process to equalize individual teacher goals and educational institutions also teacher performance series starting from the planning, implementation and evaluation phase which are oriented to minimum work standards in order to obtain income eligibility, benefits, and promotion or rank only which resulting in the performance of teachers dwelling on matters of an administrative nature and setting aside performance processes that produce output and outcome according to the objectives of educational institutions. This research used a qualitative research design by concerning to a phenomenon approach. Data collection techniques used by some steps such as observation, interviews and documentation. Data analysis included single site analysis and cross-site analysis with data analysis techniques; data reduction, data presentation, and conclusions. This research produced four main findings among others; first, in pre-cycle stage with preparation for assessment and creating a teacher performance assessment team; second, the phase of planning with the phase of defining, discussing roles, responsibilities, and measurable expectations; third, the phase of coaching with the phase of observation, monitoring, support, feedback, and appreciation; the four phase of the teacher performance management cycle are performance evaluations.

Learning analytics to support teachers during synchronous CSCL: balancing between overview and overload

Learning analytics (LA) are summaries, visualizations, and analyses of student data that could improve learning in multiple ways, for example by supporting teachers. However, not much empirical evidence is available yet concerning the effects of LA on how teachers diagnose student progress and intervene during students’ learning activities. The goal of this paper is to summarize the empirical work that was undertaken recently concerning the effect of various types of LA tools on teacher regulation of collaboration groups of students, and to describe the theoretical mechanisms by which LA tools may support teachers in synchronous, moment-to-moment regulation of computer-supported collaborative learning. The hypothesized mechanisms are that LA tools can 1) aggregate information to a manageable level and thereby lower information load, 2) steer the focus of the teacher’s attention, and 3) increase the teacher’s confidence concerning the diagnosis of the situation. In the final section, the role of teacher goals and beliefs in the use of LA tools is discussed, which is argued should be kept in mind when implementing LA in classroom situations.