Simulation analysis of transport energy efficiency of road trains and international motor transportations

The object of the study is the production and technological processes of international road transport (PTP IRT) according to the innovative approach and the conceptual idea of technical and technological energy saving in motor transport. Predictive assumptions about the development of the object of study – the realization of the possibilities of operational-simulation and technical-evolutionary method of complex analysis of transport energy efficiency of road trains and production and technological processes of international road transport in the practice of international road transport. In the course of the research the operational-simulation and technical-evolutionary method of complex analysis of transport energy efficiency of road trains and production-technological processes of international road transportations was considered. As an example, the influence of changes in such a design parameter of the road train as the gear ratio of the main transmission of the tractor on its transport energy efficiency, as well as fuel and energy consumption of the road train DAF FT95.360 (Netherlands) in the test trunk operation (at αg=0). It is established that when the value of the gear ratio of the main transmission (Uo) increases, the value of the energy efficiency indicator (Pe) varies from 0.55 to 0.58. The greatest value of energy efficiency is at Uo=2.846. It is determined that when the value of the gear ratio of the main transmission (Uo) increases, the value of the energy consumption indicator (Ac) increases, and the minimum value of 3.2 MJ acquires the value of the gear ratio of the main transmission – 2.846.It was found that when the value of the gear ratio of the main gear (Uo) increases the fuel consumption (Qc) increases and acquires a maximum value of 3496.84 g with the value of the gear ratio of the main gear – 4.39. The minimum value of fuel consumption of 1684.2 g is achieved when the value of the gear ratio of the main transmission 2.846. The results of the study can be used to implement systemic and conceptual innovation management in the field of international road transport.

End of life care: A concept analysis

Background: End of life care is crucial to preserve a dying patient’s values and dignity. This type of care also works towards fulfilling any last wishes the dying person may have.Aim: The aim of this paper is to analyze the concept of end of life care using Rodgers’ evolutionary method as a guide.Methods: A systematic search of the literature was conducted in CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Medline databases. After reviewing the literature from 2006 to 2019, 14 articles were selected to be included in this analysis.Results: The consequences of this concept include a good death, peaceful death, and dying with dignity.Conclusions: This concept analysis provides attributes that could help to develop a standardized end of life care approach to patients who are dying.