Tropospheric NO₂ measurements using a three-wavelength optical parametric oscillator differential absorption lidar

The conventional two-wavelength differential absorption lidar (DIAL) has measured air pollutants such as nitrogen dioxide (NO2). However, high concentrations of aerosol within the planetary boundary layer (PBL) can cause significant retrieval errors using only a two-wavelength DIAL technique to measure NO2. We proposed a new technique to obtain more accurate measurements of NO2 using a three-wavelength DIAL technique based on an optical parametric oscillator (OPO) laser. This study derives the three-wavelength DIAL retrieval equations necessary to retrieve vertical profiles of NO2 in the troposphere. Additionally, two rules to obtain the optimum choice of the three wavelengths applied in the retrieval are designed to help increase the differences in the NO2 absorption cross-sections and reduce aerosol interference. NO2 retrieval relative uncertainties caused by aerosol extinction, molecular extinction, absorption of gases other than the gas of interest and backscattering are calculated using two-wavelength DIAL (438 and 439.5 nm) and three-wavelength DIAL (438, 439.5 and 441 nm) techniques. The retrieval uncertainties in aerosol extinction using the three-wavelength DIAL technique are reduced to less than 2 % of those when using the two-wavelength DIAL technique. Moreover, the retrieval uncertainty analysis indicates that the three-wavelength DIAL technique can reduce more fluctuation caused by aerosol backscattering than the two-wavelength DIAL technique. This study presents NO2 concentration profiles which were obtained using the HU (Hampton University) three-wavelength OPO DIAL. As a first step to assess the accuracy of the HU lidar NO2 profiles, we compared the NO2 profiles to simulated data from the Weather Research and Forecasting Chemistry (WRF-Chem) model. This comparison suggests that the NO2 profiles retrieved with the three-wavelength DIAL technique have similar vertical structure and magnitudes typically within ±0.1 ppb compared to modeled profiles.

Critical Perspectives on Diversity and Equality in U.S. LIS Practice: Four HBCU-affiliated Leaders Weigh in

Historically Black colleges and universities (HBCUs) have trained Black librarians and strengthened the library profession since 1927 when the first HBCU-based library school was founded at Hampton University. However, HBCU professors, library directors, and alumni are often overlooked in conversations on librarian professionalization. In this article, four distinguished HBCU-affiliated library leaders provide critical perspectives on LIS practice. Their collective insight illustrates the value of HBCUs in LIS and demonstrates opportunities for new directions.

Tropospheric NO₂ Measurements Using a Three-wavelength Optical Parametric Oscillator Differential Absorption Lidar

The conventional two-wavelength Differential Absorption Lidar (DIAL) has measured air pollutants such as nitrogen dioxide (NO2). However, high concentrations of aerosol within the planetary boundary layer (PBL) can cause significant retrieval errors using only a two-wavelength DIAL technique to measure NO2. We proposed a new technique to obtain more accurate measurements of NO2 using a three-wavelength DIAL technique based on an Optical Parametric Oscillator (OPO) laser. This study derives the three-wavelength DIAL retrieval equations necessary to retrieve vertical profiles of NO2 in the troposphere. Additionally, two rules to obtain the optimum choice of the three wavelengths applied in the retrieval are designed to help increase the differences of the NO2 absorption cross sections and reduce aerosol interference. NO2 retrieval relative uncertainties caused by aerosol extinction, molecular extinction, absorption of gases other than the gas of interest and backscattering are calculated using two-wavelength DIAL (438 nm and 439.5 nm) and three-wavelength DIAL (438 nm, 439.5 nm and 441 nm) techniques. The retrieval uncertainties of aerosol extinction using the three-wavelength DIAL technique are reduced to less than 2 % of using the two-wavelength DIAL technique. Moreover, the retrieval uncertainty analysis indicates that the three-wavelength DIAL technique can reduce more fluctuation caused by aerosol backscattering than two-wavelength DIAL technique. This study presents NO2 concentration profiles which were obtained using the HU (Hampton University) three-wavelength OPO DIAL. As a first step to assess the accuracy of the HU lidar NO2 profiles we compared the retrievals to simulated data from WRF-Chem model. This comparison suggests that the NO2 profiles retrieved with the three-wavelength DIAL technique have similar vertical structure, and magnitudes typically within ±0.1 ppb, of modeled profiles.

Reviewer Acknowledgements for International Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 12, No. 2

International Journal of Chemistry wishes to acknowledge the following individuals for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Their help and contributions in maintaining the quality of the journal is greatly appreciated. Many authors, regardless of whether International Journal of Chemistry publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Reviewers for Volume 12, Number 2 Abdul Rouf Dar, University of Florida, USA Ahmad Galadima, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Nigeria Ahmet Ozan Gezerman, Yildiz Technical University, Turkey Amal A. M. Elgharbawy, International Institute for Halal Research and Training, Malaysia Ayodele Temidayo Odularu, University of Fort Hare, South Africa Donatus Bekindaka Eni, University of Buea, Cameroon Elnaz Rostampour, Islamic Azad University, Iran Fatima Tuz Johra, Kookmin University, Bangladesh Hesham G. Ibrahim, Al-Mergheb University, Libya Hongbin Liu, University of Washington, USA Kevin C. Cannon, Penn State Abington, USA Khaldun M. Al Azzam, Batterjee Medical College for Sciences & Technology, Saudi Arabia Nanda Gunawardhana, Saga University, Japan Nanthaphong Khamthong, Rangsit University, Thailand Nejib Hussein Mekni, Al Manar University, Tunisia Rabia Rehman, University of the Punjab, Pakistan Rafael Gomes da Silveira, Federal Institute of Education, Brazil Sintayehu Leshe, Debre Markos University, Ethiopia Sitaram Acharya, Texas Christian University, USA Syed A. A. Rizvi, Hampton University, USA Tony Di Feo, Natural Resources Canada, Canada Vinícius Silva Pinto, Instituto Federal Goiano, Brazil Albert John On behalf of, The Editorial Board of International Journal of Chemistry Canadian Center of Science and Education

PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF SHIPPING CONTAINER POTENTIALS FOR NET-ZERO RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS

ABSTRACT Recycled shipping containers have the potential to be successfully used as a net-zero ready home. This study aims to evaluate the outcomes of a high-performance shipping container single-family housing project located in Virginia Beach, Virginia. The project was awarded the Best Undergraduate Project in the Single-family division at the 2019 U.S. Department of Energy's Solar Decathlon Design Challenge. The Hampton University Millennial Village Design Team designed a marketable net-zero ready container home for the ViBe Creative District in Virginia Beach, Virginia. Container Homes are not suitable for every homeowner, but they have a particular appeal to a generation of young and creative people across the country. For many municipalities in Virginia, where container housing is not readily accepted, the ViBe creative district has been having discussions with City code officials and local architects about the benefits. The Hampton University Millennial Village Design Team aimed to take advantage of the competition as an opportunity to explore a building construction method that is not widely seen in this part of the country. Testing design for net-zero readiness is a comprehensive way to understand how this type of construction performs from a building science standpoint. Collaboration with professional industry advisors helped the team to use research-based design methods to work on a unique project that the team believes will become a reality in the future. For the performance assessment of a net-zero container house, several simulation tools were used to investigate the environmental impacts, daylight performance, envelope performance, Energy Use Intensity (EUI), Home Energy Rating System (HERS), and solar energy generation. As for energy standards and codes, the Virginia residential code (VRC) 2015, International Energy Conservation Code (IECC) 2015 and The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) 90.1-2013 for residential buildings were consulted to set each variable for the net-zero container house project. The Rem/Rate energy simulation software achieved the HERS index of 51 and 0 without and with the applications of roof photovoltaics, respectively.

Reviewer Acknowledgements for International Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 11, No. 2

International Journal of Chemistry wishes to acknowledge the following individuals for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Their help and contributions in maintaining the quality of the journal is greatly appreciated. Many authors, regardless of whether International Journal of Chemistry publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers.   Reviewers for Volume 11, Number 2   Abdul Rouf Dar, University of Florida, USA Ahmad Galadima, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Nigeria Ahmet Ozan Gezerman, Yildiz Technical University, Turkey Amer A. Taqa, Mosul University, Iraq Asghari Gul, COMSATS University Islamabad, Pakistan Ayodele Temidayo Odularu, University of Fort Hare, South Africa Binod P Pandey, The Pennsylvania State University, USA Brice Ulrich Saha Foudjo, Catholic University of Cameroon, Cameroon Elnaz Rostampour, Islamic Azad University, Iran Fes Sun Fabiyi, Bowen University, Nigeria Ho Soon Min, INTI International University, Malaysia Hongbin Liu, University of Washington, USA Kevin C. Cannon, Penn State Abington, USA Khaldun M. Al Azzam, Batterjee Medical College for Sciences and Technology, Saudi Arabia Merve Kaya, Toros Agri., Turkey Mohamed Abass, Ain Shams University, Egypt Monira Nessem Michael, National institute of standards (NIS), Egypt Mustafa Oguzhan Kaya, Siirt University, Turkey Nanda Gunawardhana, Saga University, Japan Nanthaphong Khamthong, Rangsit University, Thailand Rabia Rehman, University of the Punjab, Pakistan Rodrigo Vieira Rodrigues, University of São Paulo, Brazil Sie-Tiong Ha, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia Sitaram Acharya, Texas Christian University, USA Souheyla Boudjema, University of Tlemcen, Algeria Syed A. A. Rizvi, Hampton University, USA Tony Di Feo, Natural Resources Canada, Canada Zhixin Tian, Tongji University, China Albert John On behalf of, The Editorial Board of International Journal of Chemistry Canadian Center of Science and Education

Reassessing the Vocational Origins of Hampton University and Celebrating a Singular History of Arts Engagement

This essay explores historical interpretation or categorizations of Hampton Institute as a vocational project in order to reassert liberal arts as an underlying philosophical tenet of the founding and early history of this now venerated historically Black university. Today, Hampton’s educational mission and its museum are understood to be within the liberal arts tradition. This essay argues Hampton’s nineteenth-century founding ethos also situates the university and museum within the spirit of liberal arts education, even where vocational or manual labor components of its early curriculum may have been defining in early twentieth century historical interpretations of the institution’s mission and purpose. Contributions of the Hampton University Museum throughout its history give readers insight into the Hampton tradition of educating hand, heart, and mind and speak to the university’s 150-year engagement with liberal arts.