Sandalwood seed oil improves insulin sensitivity in high-fat/high-sucrose diet-fed rats associated with altered intestinal microbiota and its metabolites

Sandalwood seed oil (SSO), rich in ximenynic acid, is extracted from the seed kernels of santalum spicatum. The current work aimed to clarify the potential mechanisms of SSO in preventing insulin...

Isolation, Identification and Characterization of Ximenynic Acid with Anti-Aging Activity from Santalum Album

Medicinal plants and its products have been used as a remedial agent in most irising countries for treating diseases. Furthermore, an increasing reliance on the use of medicinal plants in industrialized societies has been traced for the extraction and development of several drugs and chemotherapeutics from these herbal plants. Novel acetylenic fatty acids named Ximenynic acid (XMA) were successfully isolated from the seeds of Santalum album L by N-Hexane extraction. Ximenynic acid (or Santalbic acid) is one of the few acetylenic fatty acids occurring at higher levels in plant seed oils. Ximenynic acid predominantly exists in the seed oil of Santalaceae, Olacaceae, and Opiliaceae families. The structure of XMA was characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, Infrared Spectrum(IR), NMR Spectroscopy, Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy(FT-IR), LCMS spectral analysis. The antiaging activities were assessed by anti-collagenase enzyme assay. Structural analysis revealed that XMA was a crystalline material with a melting point of 38.25°C and an average molecular weight of 278 kDa.Which is composed of carboxylic acid, butylene acid, methylene, allylic in their structure. The antiaging assay showed that XMA exhibited significant collagenase inhibition activity as compared with Catechin. These findings suggested that the acetylenic fatty acids XMA could be served as a novel antiaging in Pharmaceutical as well as the cosmetic industry.

Acetylenic Acids from Fats of the Olacaceae and Santalaceae. IV. The Occurrence of Octadeca-trans-11,trans-13-dien-9-ynoic Acid in Plant Lipids

The somatic lipids (from root, stem, or leaves) of one species from each of the genera : Ximenia (Olacaceae), Santalum and Leptomeria (Santalaceae) have been examined and the presence of the following acids established : (i) octadeca-trans-13-ene-9,ll-diynoic acid, (ii) octadeca-trans-11,trans-13-dien-9-ynoic acid, (iii) octadeca-trans- 11-en-9-ynoic (ximenynic) acid, and (iv) an octadeca-trans-trans-dienediynoic acid, not yet fully identified. The occurrence of (ii) and (iv) in Nature has not been previously observed. The seed fat of Leptomeria aphylla R.Br. has been examined and found to contain some 20 per cent. of ximenynic acid as glycerides. No conjugated polyunsaturated acids were found in the lipids of the sole Australian representative of the closely related Belanophoraceae family.