Our Land, Our People: A Reflection of Tibetan Buddhist Space in Contemporary Art

This article illustrates how a contemporary Tibetan artist disrupts expectations in the creation of his political art. Utilizing Robert Smithson’s dialogic of site and non-site, Tenzing Rigdol’s 2011 site-specific installation Our Land, Our People is interpreted as a reenactment of a culturally specific historical practice of moving space. This approach shares important similarities to historical cases in which physical spaces were relocated to and within Tibet, allowing for the application of 20th century theories arising in the spatial turn to contemporary Tibetan art.

Exile

This chapter provides an overview of exile as a historical practice and identifies some of the functions that exile performs. It then provides a definition of exile and elaborates on three key elements: territorial absence, public pressure, and an orientation of return. It distinguishes exile from closely related concepts, such as diasporas and refugees. It provides a typology of exile politics where, given exiles’ goals and methods, exiles act as revolutionaries, dissidents, social innovators, and immigrant activists. This typology is intended only to illustrate the varying nature of exile politics and to help situate some of the case studies that will be relied on throughout the book.

On the Treatment of Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia: Current Practice Based on Outdated Evidence

Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) is a common opportunistic infection causing more than 400,000 cases annually worldwide. While antiretroviral therapy has reduced the burden of PCP in persons living with HIV, an increasing proportion of cases occur in other immunocompromised populations. In this review we synthesize the available randomized controlled trial (RCT) evidence-base for PCP treatment. We identified 14 RCTs that were conducted 25-35 years ago, principally in 40-year-old men with HIV. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX), at a dose of 15-20mg/kg/day, is the treatment of choice based on historical practice rather than on quality comparative dose finding studies. Treatment duration is similarly based on historical practice and is not evidence-based. Corticosteroids have a demonstrated role in hypoxemic patients with HIV but have yet to be studied in RCTs as an adjunctive therapy in non-HIV populations. The echinocandins are potential synergistic treatments in need of further investigation.

The Eurocentrism of neo-Roman republicanism and the neglect of republican empire

Republicanism is an approach within political theory that seeks to secure the values of political liberty and non-domination. Yet, in historical practice, early modern republics developed empires and secured their liberty through policies that dominated others. This contradiction presents challenges for how neo-Roman theorists understand ideals of liberty and political freedom. This article argues that the historical practices of slavery and empire developed concurrently with the normative ideals of republican liberty. Republican liberty does not arise in the absence of power but is inherently connected to the exercise of power.

TRANSDISCIPLINARY AS A VECTOR OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF MODERN BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH

В последнее время наблюдается тенденция трансформации проблематики, возникающей в общественно-исторической практике, из проблематики частной, конкретной в комплексную, меж- и трансдисциплинарную. Место объектов изучения гуманитарными и естественными науками постепенно, но вполне заметно занимают развивающиеся системы. Вещи, раньше казавшиеся монолитными и неделимыми, как правило, предстают теперь внутренне расчлененными и организованными. Простое, цельное уступает место сложному, системному. Все больше исследований носит трансдисциплинарный характер, которые идут сквозь границы многих дисциплин, выходят за пределы частных наук, что следует из смысла самой приставки «транс». Эта многогранная сложность существует не сама по себе, она «открывается» в ходе человеческой деятельности и обусловлена тем или иным ее состоянием. В этой связи для гуманитаристики в интеграции с естественными науками открываются возможности более глубокого изучения реальности. There has been a recent, tendency for the transformation of the problematics, which manifests itself in socio-historical practice, from a concrete problematics into a complex, inter- and transdisciplinary one. Tre developing systems are gradually taking tre place of subjects studied by tre humanities and natural sciences. Things that previously seemed monolithic and indivisible, as a rule, now appear internally dismembered and organized. The simple and holistic gives way to the complex and systemic. More and more research of a trans-disciplinary nature go beyond the scope of many disciplines and limits of individual sciences as the meaning of the prefix «trans» presupposes. This multifaceted complexity does not exist on its own, it is «revealed» in the course of human activity and is conditioned by one of its states. In this regard, the humanities open up opportunities for a deeper study of reality in integration with the natural sciences.

Medicine and the Senses: Towards Integrative Practices

Paying attention to the senses has been part of historical practice for some decades and has special resonance in the history of medicine since the senses play a central role in all aspects of health care and medical sciences. Both practitioners and patients rely upon them in complex ways. Using a range of primary and secondary sources, this article reflects on what is gained by a focus on the senses, for our understanding of both medicine and our own historical practices. It advocates a generous, expanded understanding of the senses to include, for example, somatic affinity.

Re-presenting Riel: 100 Years in the Canadian Historical Review

Linked to national crises, particularly the Resistances (previously called Rebellions) of 1869 and 1885, Riel is probably the most written about person in Canadian history. As a result, he has been presented and re-presented for different interests: Catholic martyr to Protestant violence, a French patriot crushed by English fanatics, a spiritual leader, a deranged lunatic, the father of a nation, and an Indigenous hero. This introduction reflects on the significance of Riel for Canadian historical research and writing over the hundred years of existence of the Canadian Historical Review (CHR). It argues that the CHR has been an important vehicle for the professionalization of historical practice in Canada, and Riel has played an important part in that process. This introductory essay provides context and a discussion of the shifting approaches and interpretations of Riel in the CHR, identifying four phases: Civilizing and un-Civilizing Riel; Americanizing and un-Americanizing Riel; Mystifying and De-Mystifying Riel; and Provincializing Canada. It concludes that the history of Louis Riel is entwined with the emergence of professional history in Canada.