Investigation of Green Criteria With Clustering Analysis in Green Supplier Selection

Green supplier selection has a crucial importance for businesses. In the past, the selection of suppliers was solely based on conventional criteria such as cost, quality, and flexibility whereas expectations of businesses transformed in today's world on grounds of raised environmental awareness, public pressure, and regulations. Alternatives called green suppliers sensitive to the environment, preserving the ecological balance, managing wastes, and preventing pollution increased in value. This study analyzes practices on the selection of green suppliers. The articles between 2014 and 2021 were analyzed from the perspective of green criteria. The green criteria in the 50 articles determined are divided into 28 groups. With the k-means algorithm, these criteria groups are divided into four clusters, which was aimed to analyze the usage frequency of green criteria. This study is intended to contribute to green supplier selection practices in academia and industry in the future.

Judging under Public Pressure

We study the circumstances under which public pressure affects judging. We show that crowd pressure biases decisions in favor of the crowd for “subjective decisions” with respect to which the judge has more discretion, but not for “objective decisions.” The bias is strengthened after a judge's error against the crowd, and when errors are costlier to the crowd. We use data about referees' decisions and errors from the Bundesliga. We exploit three regimes where, due to the introduction of Video Assistance Refereeing (VAR) and COVID-19, both crowd pressure and the likelihood of errors vary.

Wild Grazing Of Beef Cattle In The Buffer Village Of SPTN Region II Sumberwaru Baluran National Park

Baluran National Park faces public pressure in the form of illegal grazing, which threatens the preservation of flora and fauna in it. This study aims to analyze illegal grazing activities that threaten the conservation efforts of Baluran National Park in Sumberwaru Village, Asembagus district, Situbondo. Data collection was carried out from April to June 2021 with a qualitative approach. The data were taken from several key informants, namely 3 Baluran National Park officers, the Village Head of Sumberwaru, the Head of Loka Pasuruan, the Situbondo Livestock Service, and 12 extensive semi-intensive beef cattle breeders. The results showed that the behavior of illegal grazing was caused by cultural factors that did not prioritize profit but only as an investment and indicator of social status. As a result, maintenance management is very efficient and depends on feed that can be obtained for free by grazing wildly in the Baluran National Park conservation area. The solution required is a participatory Collaborative Forest Management that benefits all stakeholders.

Fiddling while Democracy Burns: Partisan Reactions to Weak Democracy in Latin America

Democracy is weakened when citizens and elites do not criticize actions or actors that undermine its principles. Yet this study documents a widespread pattern of partisan rationalization in how elites and the public evaluate democratic performance in Latin America. Survey data show that those whose party controls the presidency consistently express positive evaluations of the current state of democratic competition and institutions even when democracy in their country is weak. This pattern emerges in both mass survey data and among elected elites. These data have a worrying implication: if only the political opposition is willing to publicly acknowledge and sound the alarm when democracy is under attack, public pressure to protect democracy is likely to be dramatically reduced.

Insight into Yeast–Mycotoxin Relations

Fungal mycotoxins are secondary metabolites that can be present in green forage, hay, or silage. Consumption of contaminated plants or agricultural products can cause various animal and human diseases, which is why problems associated with mycotoxins have received particular attention. In addition, public pressure to produce healthy food and feed is also increasing. As the results of several surveys indicate that yeasts can decrease toxic effects by binding or converting secondary metabolites or control growth of harmful fungi, this article provides an overview of the yeast species that can have great potential in detoxification. The most important antagonistic yeast species against toxigenic fungi are described and the mode of their inhibitory mechanisms is also discussed. We provide an insight into toxin binding and biotransformation capacities of yeasts and examples of their use in silo. Issues requiring further study are also mentioned.

THE EXTENSION OF SYSTEM BOUNDARIES IN SHIP DESIGN

In this paper we address the challenges arising from the public pressure to curb greenhouse gas emission from shipping. The shipping industry must expect that inefficiencies or sub-optimality in the transport systems will be curbed or punished severely. We present available technology to improve energy efficiency, and argue that decisions to apply such technology in a design process have to consider the vessel in its operational setting. We further discuss how this affects existing or introduces new design parameters. In the new situation, the relationship between a ship and its intended mission cannot be “broken” by a contractual document, such as a requirements specification. A ship designer needs to engage in the use of the ship, moving from being a ship designer to participating directly in a transport system design. In the paper we propose some amendments to existing models, and the framework of design tools, that facilitate this change.

Athlete-Centric Employer Branding During Rival Leagues’ Market Entry

New sports leagues use employer branding to promote themselves as distinctive and desirable employers so they can attract talented athletes. A multiple case analysis was used to examine the employer branding strategies of four leagues that entered markets with incumbents: the National Women’s Hockey League, BIG3, Alliance of American Football, and Premier Lacrosse League. All four leagues used athlete-centric employer branding, which uses symbolic and instrumental employment information to signal commitment and involvement to athletes. Leagues also directed their employer branding to consumers. The findings suggest adding an employment dimension to theories of league brand architecture as well as reconsidering the audience for employer branding. Athlete-centric employer branding is a strategy for entering markets from a rival position and is likely to become more popular as public pressure on leagues increases.

"“The climbing boys” and the English society in the Industrial age: public pressure and legislative changes"

The practice of the climbing boys in the business of sweeping chimneys was spread in England during the Industrial Age (18th - 19th c.). The question of boys’ exploitation is part of the problem of child labour, but it precedes and outlives the overall child exploitation in the factories and mines. This is a sphere where the English society demonstrates conservatism and reluctance to change the attitude to the children of the poor families. The needed legislation was postponed and cost several generations of miserable and deprived boys, losing their health, and often their lives in the chimneys of the rich owners of buildings and mansions. The compassion of some citizens was not enough to convince the lawmakers that the life of children was more valuable than their houses. This was the main topic of the discussions between the lords and the reformers in the Parliament. The struggle for the protection of the climbing boys started in the late 18th c. and is considered successfully finished with the Act of 1875.

The General Election of 1943

<p>This thesis deals with the two most striking aspects of New Zealand's wartime politics; the effect of the war, and particularly the public pressure for political unity that it generated, on party politics and the growth between 1940 and 1943 of various new political movements. The election is obviously the focal point in developments on these subjects. By renewing the Labour Government's mandate it enabled the already dead question of political unity to be decently buried, and by eliminating the small parties it ensured an immediate return to the two-party system. Therefore the main interest in the 1943 election is not in its place in the development of electoral trends in the nineteen-thirties and forties, but in the culmination of political developments that were a direct result of the war.</p>

The General Election of 1943

<p>This thesis deals with the two most striking aspects of New Zealand's wartime politics; the effect of the war, and particularly the public pressure for political unity that it generated, on party politics and the growth between 1940 and 1943 of various new political movements. The election is obviously the focal point in developments on these subjects. By renewing the Labour Government's mandate it enabled the already dead question of political unity to be decently buried, and by eliminating the small parties it ensured an immediate return to the two-party system. Therefore the main interest in the 1943 election is not in its place in the development of electoral trends in the nineteen-thirties and forties, but in the culmination of political developments that were a direct result of the war.</p>