FORMATION OF ART COMPETENCE USING THE UKRAINIAN FOLK TOY AMONG YOUNGER SCHOOLCHILDREN WITH LOW VISION

The article notes that remedial and compensatory focus of the teaching and education of children with visual impairments is the content of all educational activities in the institutions with special education that is implemented during the formation of competences necessary for their further socialization. An important value acquired by the use of folk toy becomes more important in correctional and educational work of Ukrainian special educational institutions for primary school age children with visual impairments, which helps to eliminate secondary deviation, resulting from the impairment. It is noted that the low level of activity with a folk toy among elementary schoolchildren with visual impairments is related to the fact that it did not find its proper place in the educational process of special schools for a number of reasons. The experimental method of art competence formed around Ukrainian folk toys in primary schools for students with low vision, which depends on the creation of optimal educational environment in a special educational institution, is described. In the design of the educational environment, the appropriate organizational and didactic pedagogical conditions for the formation of components (cognitive, activity, emotional) of visual competence about Ukrainian folk toys for pupils with reduced vision were determined. The proposed experimental methodology, including seminars, workshops, trainings, etc., favoured the increase of teachers’ professional competence level in using Ukrainian folk toys in corrective work with children that have monistic sight. An example of the content and organization of several topics of the workshop «Ukrainian Folk Toy», which became the main form of work on the formation of components of artistic competence, is presented. The effectiveness of the experimental training technique is proved.

UKRAINIAN TOY AS AN ETHNO-CULTURAL MEANS OF UPBRINGING PRESCHOOL CHILDREN FROM THE FAMILIES OF ANTITERRORIST OPERATION PARTICIPANTS AND INTERNALLY DISPLACED PERSONS

In the upbringing of preschool age children from the families of Antiterrorist operation participants and internally displaced persons, Ukrainian toys are used primarily as effective ethnocultural means of correctional and educational work, carried out to ensure successful adaptation of children to new conditions, their re-socialization. Since these children are very often reticent, they refuse to communicate with both the teacher and other children in the group, the content of such work is the creation by the educator of a positive emotional and sensual background for the child’s perception of the new environment, the involuntary establishment of a communicative contact with her, encouraging the child to engage in active communicative activities with peers and adults. Folk toy is also an important means of national-patriotic education, because through manipulative actions with it, the child deepens knowledge about everyday life and features of the traditional family and social relations of Ukrainians, and accordingly expands the system of ideas about his people and his culture. Ukrainian folk toy is an effective means of aesthetic education of children, since it is a skillful example of Ukrainian decorative and applied art.

Folk Toy As the Embodiment of the National Ideal

The author of this article tries to find the ideals that are original for Russian people, to trace their evolution and existence through the prism of such a phenomenon as a folk toy that includes a conglomerate of meanings. The article considers the folk toy as a reflection and expression of the national ideal. The article analyzes a connection of cultural traditions and images of toys, the way a folk toy reproduces emotions, character and mental features of an ethnos. The author considers the generation aspect of national ideal`s reflection through the national toy. The original senses of a traditional toy are transformed quite often in modern sociocultural space, and its material embodiment is replaced by simulacras or parodies. Therefore, it is necessary to turn to its genetic roots to understand the meaningful phenomenon.

The formation of preschool child personality by folk toys

This article considers the educational value of toys. Folk toys are, on the one hand, a model, an outline of life, on the other – a source of joy, cheerfulness, well-being. The role of folk toys in the moral and aesthetic education was justified and analyzed. Folk toy is one of the most effective means of aesthetic, physical and mental development of children. The selection of folk toys, which should be based on age peculiarities of the child was discovered. The main functions of folk toys were characterized. Folk toy is a heritage like a mother tongue, tales, songs. Folk toys carry children’s love, highlighted in child’s play. Folk toy carries the artistic culture of folk art, develops unique features of its people aesthetics. The use of folk toys in kindergarten, in the family, diversifies the gaming activities of children, help them to enrich, expand the world cognition and its people, develop its classical skills for national, economic and social culture. Formation of knowledge about the folk toy is based on the perception of children’s cognitive, aesthetic, moral, emotional content, an adequate understanding of its cultural and historical significance. National toy stands in the pedagogical process as a type of artistic creation that combines the material and spiritual achievements. Toys are a special type of artistic creation that integrates various types of folk art, combining the material and spiritual achievements of the Ukrainian culture, contributes to the formation of creatively active person, successor of folk traditions. The metaphorical and imagery aspect of toy makes it a panacea for social adaptation to a particular stage of human development, for conveying, assimilation and revival of material and spiritual folk culture, while other means are inaccessible.