Re-collection and identity of Ooencyrtus californicus (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), and its new synonym, Ooencyrtus lucidus

Girault (1917) very briefly described and diagnosed the encyrtid wasp species Ooencyrtus californicus Girault (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) with the following limited data (p. 22): “Sacramento, California, from bug eggs on Pinus sabiniana, September”. The first author examined its two syntypes, poorly mounted on a slide, of which only parts of the four antennae and a slightly damaged fore wing remain (Triapitsyn et al. 2020). They concluded that this species was better considered a nomen dubium until fresh specimens could be collected from the same host plant in or near the type locality. In July 2019, an effort was made to re-collect O. californicus from foothill (or gray) pine, Pinus sabiniana (Pinaceae), in the Oakhurst area of Madera County, California, USA, where this pine is abundant, but no specimens were captured. At the same time, a very similar insect was collected from sentinel eggs of the invasive stink bug Bagrada hilaris (Burmeister) in Riverside, California. This insect was cultured in the laboratory as part of a B. hilaris biological control program. Due to the poor preservation of the type specimens and in the absence of genetic evidence, it was impossible to positively and properly attribute specimens of this newly collected parasitoid to O. californicus. Therefore, to provide a much needed scientific name for this native egg parasitoid, it was described as Ooencyrtus lucidus Triapitsyn & Ganjisaffar in Triapitsyn et al. (2020). The two nominal species were separated based on minor differences in the proportions of the scape, pedicel, and first funicular segment of the female antenna (Triapitsyn et al. 2020). John S. Noyes, world expert on Encyrtidae and one of the reviewers of Triapitsyn et al. (2020), disagreed with the erection of O. lucidus as a new taxon based on the morphological similarities of the female antenna with that of O. californicus, so the description was published with the understanding that the two might be conspecific. But to settle this one way or another new specimens of O. californicus had to be collected to allow morphological and molecular analyses.

A Peculiar New Genus of Bibionomorpha (Diptera) with Brachycera-Like Modification of Antennae from Mid-Cretaceous Amber of Myanmar

A new fossil genus of Bibionidae (Diptera: Bibionomorpha), Burmahesperinus gen. nov., from the mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber, is described and illustrated (type species Burmahesperinus antennatus sp. nov., the other two species included are B. conicus sp. nov. and B. pedicellatus sp. nov.). The new genus is tentatively placed in a new subfamily, Burmahesperininae subfam. nov. of the family Bibionidae. Its possible phylogenetic position is briefly discussed. The new genus, as well as the subfamily, possesses the wing venation similar to the recent genus Hesperinus Walker, 1848, in combination with Brachycera-like modification of both the male and female antenna and the overall habitus typical of fungus gnats (Sciaroidea).

Antennal Enriched Odorant Binding Proteins Are Required for Odor Communication in Glossina f. fuscipes

Olfaction is orchestrated at different stages and involves various proteins at each step. For example, odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) are soluble proteins found in sensillum lymph that might encounter odorants before reaching the odorant receptors. In tsetse flies, the function of OBPs in olfaction is less understood. Here, we investigated the role of OBPs in Glossina fuscipes fuscipes olfaction, the main vector of sleeping sickness, using multidisciplinary approaches. Our tissue expression study demonstrated that GffLush was conserved in legs and antenna in both sexes, whereas GffObp44 and GffObp69 were expressed in the legs but absent in the antenna. GffObp99 was absent in the female antenna but expressed in the male antenna. Short odorant exposure induced a fast alteration in the transcription of OBP genes. Furthermore, we successfully silenced a specific OBP expressed in the antenna via dsRNAi feeding to decipher its function. We found that silencing OBPs that interact with 1-octen-3-ol significantly abolished flies’ attraction to 1-octen-3-ol, a known attractant for tsetse fly. However, OBPs that demonstrated a weak interaction with 1-octen-3-ol did not affect the behavioral response, even though it was successfully silenced. Thus, OBPs’ selective interaction with ligands, their expression in the antenna and their significant impact on behavior when silenced demonstrated their direct involvement in olfaction.

First report of the genus Neadeloides Klima, 1939 (Lepidoptera, Crambidae, Pyraustinae) in Laos, with description of a new species

The genus Neadeloides Klima, 1939 is a small genus of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera, Crambidae). It was established for the type species Hoterodes cinerealis Moore, 1867 as the objective replacement name for Adeloides Warren, 1892, a homonym of Adeloides Blanchard, 1845 of Curculionidae in Coleoptera (Singh et al. 2019; Nuss et al. 2003–2020). Recently, this genus was studied by Singh et al. (2019), with the inclusion of three species: N. cinerealis (Moore, 1867) and N. nubilus Singh, Ranjan & Singh, 2019 from India, and N. glaucoptera (Hampson, 1896) from Bhutan. Species of Neadeloides can be distinguished by the following characters. In the male, the antenna are very long, about twice the length of the forewing; forewing narrow, with a produced apex; termen extremely oblique; in the female, antenna almost same length of the forewing; forewing wider than male; in the male genitalia, uncus broad, inverted U–shaped, ventrally concave, with a small, sub–apical lateral projection on both sides; valva elongated flap–like, membranous at base and sclerotized from middle to apex; costal margin rather concave, nearly straight; dorsum of valva outwardly angled at middle or roughly straight; sacculus process hook–shaped or broad rectangular, with setose apical flap (Singh et al. 2019).

A new species of the genus Parachauliodes (Megaloptera: Corydalidae: Chauliodinae) from Northern Kyushu, Japan

A new species of the genus Parachauliodes van der Weele, 1909, P. rastellus sp. nov., is described from northern Kyushu, Japan. This new species is most similar to P. japonicus (McLachlan) and differs by the form of the male antenna and genitalia. Parachauliodes is primarily characterized by the “bilobed” ectoproct of male genitalia and by the serrate antenna of both sexes. In the new species, the male ectoproct is bilobed, but sexual dimorphism in the antennae is present. The male antenna of the new species is pectinate with short branches and the female antenna is serrate. Accordingly, including the new species P. rastellus, the antennae of Parachauliodes can either be serrate or pectinate with short branches in the male, serrate in the female. The types of “Parachauliodes” buchi Navás are illustrated. A brief description of copulation, oviposition, eggs and hatching for the new species is also given.

A taxonomic study of Costa Rican Leptodrepana with the description of twenty-four new species (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Cheloninae)

The genus Leptodrepana Shaw was described in 1983, but prior to the current study only one Neotropical species had been described from Mexico and none were named from Costa Rica. In this paper twenty-four new species are described and named from Costa Rica: L.alexisae Dadelahi & Shaw, sp. n., L.atalanta Dadelahi & Shaw, sp. n., L.conda Dadelahi & Shaw, sp. n., L.conleyae Dadelahi & Shaw, sp. n., L.demeter Dadelahi & Shaw, sp. n., L.eckerti Dadelahi & Shaw, sp. n., L.gauldilox Dadelahi & Shaw, sp. n., L.hansoni Dadelahi & Shaw, sp. n., L.kimbrellae Dadelahi & Shaw, sp. n., L.lorenae Dadelahi & Shaw, sp. n., L.munjuanae Dadelahi & Shaw, sp. n., L.ninae Dadelahi & Shaw, sp. n., L.pamelabbas Dadelahi & Shaw, sp. n., L.ronnae Dadelahi & Shaw, sp. n., L. rosanadana Dadelahi & Shaw, sp. n., L.schuttei Dadelahi & Shaw, sp. n., L.scottshawi Dadelahi, sp. n., L.shriekae Dadelahi & Shaw, sp. n., L.sohailae Dadelahi & Shaw, sp. n., L.sorayae Dadelahi & Shaw, sp. n., L.soussanae Dadelahi & Shaw, sp. n., L.stasia Dadelahi & Shaw, sp. n., L.strategeri Dadelahi & Shaw, sp. n., and L.thema Dadelahi & Shaw, sp. n. A key to Costa Rican species of Leptodrepana is provided. The flagellum of all female Leptodrepana described in this work is reduced to only 17 flagellomeres. This character state is also found in two North American species described by Shaw (1983), L.opuntiae Shaw and L.oriens Shaw. It is hypothesized that a female antenna with 17 flagellomeres is a synapomorphy for a species-group comprising all the Costa Rican Leptodrepana species as well as two of the Mexican and North American species, L.opuntiae and L.oriens.

Sexy Mouth Odour? Male Oral Gland Pheromone in the Grain Beetle ParasitoidLariophagus distinguendus(Förster) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae)

Throughout the animal kingdom, sexual pheromones are used for the attraction of mates and as courtship signals but also enable sexual isolation between species. In the parasitic waspLariophagus distinguendus, male courtship behaviour consisting of wing fanning, antennal stroking of the female antenna, and head nodding stimulates female receptivity leading to copulation. RecentlyL. distinguenduswas reported to consist of two different lineages, which are sexually isolated because males fail to elicit receptivity in foreign females. It is unclear, however, which part of the courtship behaviour triggers female receptivity and therefore could be a mechanism causing sexual isolation. Here we show that inL. distinguendusa nonvolatile male oral pheromone is essential to release the female receptivity signal. In contrast, male wing fanning and antennal contact play a minor role. Additionally, the composition of the oral pheromone depends on the developmental host and females learn the composition upon emergence from the host substrate. These results will enable more detailed work on oral sexual pheromones to answer the question of how they are involved in the speciation process ofL. distinguendusand other parasitoid species, for a better understanding of the huge biodiversity in this group.

On a new cypridopsine genus (Crustacea, Ostracoda, Cyprididae) from the Upper Paraná River Floodplain (Brazil)

We describe a new genus, Cabelodopsis n. gen., for the South American ostracod species Cypridopsella hispida Sars, 1901.Zonocypris G.W. Müller, 1898 and Cabelodopsis n. gen. are together united in the new tribe Zonocypridini n. trib., which ischaracterised primarily by a large claw on the female antenna. Cabelodopsis n. gen. differs from Zonocypris s. s. (withornamented carapaces) in the general appearance of the carapace and of the valve ornamentation, as well as in the structure of the hinge. Some notes on taxonomy and distribution of the new genus and of the new tribe are provided.

KELIMPAHAN POPULASI PARASITOID Trichogramma sp DAN SERANGAN HAMA PENGGEREK BATANG PADI SAWAH DI KABUPATEN MINAHASA

This research was aimed to identify morphological charactersofparasitoid Trichogramma sp. at eachsampling location, to assess parasitoidsabundance, and to get attacking percentage data of rice stemborer. The sampling location is in Minahasa Region namely Tondano, Tompaso, Langoan and Kakas.The result revealed that adult size of the parasitoid was from 0.4 to 0.5. The female antenna was macewith short and rare hair. The male parasitoid had straight antenna, and had a lot of hair.The totalnumber of parasitoid Trichogramma spcollected from Langowan, Tompaso, Kakas, and Tondanowas322. The abundance of parasitoid Trichogramma sp was different in each sampling location. Thehighest was collected in Langoan (115) followed by Kakas (86), Tompaso (64) and Tondano (57).Attacking percentage of rice stem borer wasvaried between sampling location. The average of attackingpercentage on each location was 3,51%.The highest of attacking percentage was Langowan (4.53%)followed Kakas (4.24%), Tompaso (3.40%)and Tondano (2.27%.). ABSTRAKTujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui karakter morfologi parasitoid Trichogramma sp padamasing-masing lokasi pengambilan contoh, mengetahui kelimpahan parasitoid, dan mendapatkan datapersentase serangan hama penggerek batang padi. Hasil identifikasi didapatkan tubuh seranggadewasa parasitoid berukuran 0,4 – 0,5 cm, antenna betina berbentuk ganda, berbulu pendek dantumbuh jarang, antenna jantan bentuk lurus dan banyak ditumbuhi bulu/ rambut-rambut. Hasil koleksikelompok telur hama penggerek batang padi sawah di Wilayah Langowan, Tompaso, Kakas, danTondano muncul parasitoid Trichogramma sp. dengan total 322 parasit. Terdapat perbedaankelimpahan parasitoid Trichogramma sp. yang ditemukan dimasing-masing lokasi studi. Kelimpahanpopulasi parasitoid tertinggi di wilayah Langowan (115), kemudian diikutio berturut-turut Kakas (86),Tompaso (64), dan Tondano (57). Persentase serangan hama penggerek batang padi sawahberfluktuasi dimasing-masing lokasi studi..Rata-rata persentase serangan pada keseluruhan lokasipengamatan mencapai 3,51%. Wilayah langowan merupakan persentase tertinggi serangan hamapenggerek batang padi mencapai 4,53%, diikuti berturut-turut Kakas 4,24%, Tompaso 3,40% danterendah Tondano hanya 2,27%.

Oedicerotidae

Three genera and three new species of oedicerotid amphipods are reported from the Great Barrier Reef, Queensland, Australia. The third species of southern hemisphere Monoculodes, Monoculodes tropicalis sp. nov., is the first in the genus with calceoli on the female antenna 2.