Filmowe reprezentacje ostatniej wieczerzy jako locus theologicus (trzy wizje biblijnej sceny)

The cinematic scenes of the Last Supper were treated as a challenge to visual theology. As the Last Supper, which in the films about Jesus of Nazareth (and, of course, the gospels) is the culmination (and also a turning point as an event ending Jesus` earthly activity), it is possible to see the essence of the theological message of films referring to the gospel in its presentation. The scenes of the Last Supper from three films were subjected to a comparative analysis, each of which is an individual director`s vision. These are The King of Kings (1961) by Nicholas Ray, The Passion of the Christ (2004) by Mel Gibson and The Thorn of God (2015) by Óscar Parra de Carrizosa. The selection criterion was the importance given in the films to the scenes of the Last Supper and their mutually diverse representations. It has been shown how the established new transmission of visual theology modifies the meanings determined by classical theology, basically not deviating from the framework set by it.

Contested Theologies in the Book of Jeremiah

The book of Jeremiah testifies to disputes about theologies on various levels. Comparison of the Hebrew text and the version of the Septuagint shows large differences regarding the manner in which they speak of God. These differences suggest that the Greek translation tried to evade unusual, challenging, or provocative aspects attributed to God by mitigating or omitting them. The opposition between YHWH, with Jeremiah on his side, and the people together with their leaders shapes the main conflict within the book. The latter wish a “comfortable” relationship without liability, whereas God and his prophet require an exclusive liaison and determination. In some passages, Jeremiah has views which differ from those of YHWH. These texts illustrate that even a prophet has to “learn,” to open himself to God’s broader horizons and distinct plans. (d) Some features of the theological message of the book of Jeremiah are unique and set it apart from all other scrolls of the Bible. Jeremiah thus conveys a particular, independent view of YHWH, which sometimes stands in contrast to Deuteronomy, Isaiah, and other writings, although sharing the same belief in the one and only God. (e) The theological struggles within the book of Jeremiah find a continuation in the conflict of contemporary interpretations. Instead of explaining the various positions with diachronic considerations, it seems sounder to understand the rich variety of theologies therein as due to the different characters, altered situations and circumstances, and to the development of the individuals within the course of history.

STUDI INTERTEKSTUALITAS TERHADAP ROMA 8:18-23

As an environmental mantra, Romans 8:18-23 has become one of the main pillars of the Christian ecotheology that gives mandate to Christians to take care of environment. Through this text, ecological crisis can be read not empirically but theologically. The hermeneutical issue of the text is that interpreters do not yet agree about the background of Paul’s argument. In the midst of the variety of interpreters’ suggestions of Paul’s background in Romans 8:18-23, intertextuality approach proposes Isaiah 24:1-7 as an allusion that Paul intentionally alluded to in Romans 8:18-23. Intertextuality approach proves that Isaiah 24:1-7 has some connections with Romans 8:18-23. In writing Romans 8:18-23, Paul had read Isaiah 24:1-7 figuratively in the light of Christ. Thus, restoring the context and theological message of Isaiah 24:1-7 illuminates the reading of Romans 8:18-23. Likewise, understanding why Paul used Isaiah 24:1-7 in Romans 8:18-23 helps readers read Isaiah 24:1-7. Keywords: ecotheology, intertextuality, figural reading, Romans 8 Abstrak: Roma 8:18-23 sebagai environmental mantra merupakan salah satu pilar utama ekoteologi Kristen yang memberikan mandat kepada orang Kristen untuk memperhatikan lingkungan. Melalui teks ini, krisis ekologis dapat dipahami bukan secara empiris melainkan secara teologis. Sekalipun demikian, para penafsir masih belum sependapat mengenai latar pemikiran Paulus dalam Roma 8:18-23. Di tengah beragamnya usulan para penafsir atas latar pemikiran Paulus dalam Roma 8:18-23, pendekatan intertekstualitas mengusulkan Yesaya 24:1-7 sebagai alusi yang sengaja disinggung Paulus dalam Roma 8:18-23. Pendekatan intertekstualitas membuktikan keterkaitan Yesaya 24:1-7 dengan Roma 8:18-23. Dalam menulis Roma 8:18-23, Paulus telah membaca Yesaya 24:1-7 secara figural dalam terang Kristus. Dengan demikian, pemulihan konteks dan pesan teologis Yesaya 24:1-7 menerangi pembacaan Roma 8:18-23. Demikian pula, pemahaman mengapa Paulus menggunakan Yesaya 24:1-7 dalam Roma 8:18-23 menolong pembaca memahami Yesaya 24:1-7. Kata Kunci: ekoteologi, intertekstualitas, pembacaan figural, Roma 8 .

Kajian Teologis Terhadap Markus 10:17-27

This research is about theological studies on Mark 10: 17-27. The research was conducted to find out about the concept of the Kingdom of God contained in it. That is why researchers used a qualitative approach with literature review to examine this topic. As a conclusion from this research, several things are obtained, namely: it is found that the strong theological message in this passage is about the concept of the Kingdom of God. The concept of the Kingdom of God has become central to the mission and ministry of Jesus while on this earth. That is why the Canonical Gospels also make it a major theological issue in their gospel account. That is why in this passage, Jesus linked God's Kingdom with eternal life. Because the kingdom of God is about the salvation of sinful humans. The concept of the Kingdom of God in Mark 10: 17-27 is understood in three main topics, namely: The Kingdom of God means salvation, the Kingdom of God is not obtained through good deeds, and the kingdom of God concerns the suggestion that we love God more than humans. Abstrak: Penelitian ini tentang kajian teologis terhadap Markus 10:17-27. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui tentang konsep Kerajaan Allah yang termaktub di dalamnya. Itulah sebabnya, peneliti menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan kajian pustaka untuk meneliti topik ini. Sebagai kesimpulan dari penelitian ini diperoleh beberapa hal yakni: dijumpai bahwa pesan teologis yang kuat dalam perikop ini adalah tentang konsep Kerajaan Allah. Konsep Kerajaan Allah memang menjadi sentral dalam misi dan pelayanan Yesus selama di bumi ini. Itulah sebabnya, Injil Kanonik pun menjadikannya sebagai isu teologis utama dalam catatan injil mereka. Itulah sebabnya dalam perikop ini, Yesus menghubungkan Kerajaan Allah dengan hidup kekal. Karena kerajaan Allah adalah menyangkut tentang keselamatan manusia yang berdosa. Konsep Kerajaan Allah dalam Markus 10:17-27 dipahami dalam tiga topik utama, yakni: Kerajaan Allah berarti tentang keselamatan, Kerajaan Allah diperoleh bukan melalui perbuatan baik, dan kerajaan Allah menyangkut tentang anjuran supaya kita lebih mengasihi Allah dari pada manusia.

Recalling to Warning:Sosial-Scientific Criticism (SSC) of 1 Corinthians 10:1-13

The meeting of certain cultures and religions with outside cultures and religions results in complex cultural contacts that even overlap. Add more, the high heterogeneity which will affect the process of acculturation, assimilation, inculturation and even enculturation which may increase diversity immunity, but on the contrary triggers sosial irregularities experienced by the Corinthian Christians in 1 Cor. 10: 1-13. The purpose of this study is to see the sosial dynamics of 1 Cor. 10: 1-13 and find the theological message in it by using the interpretation of Sosial-Scientific Criticism (SSC). The use of this method is successful in tracing the sosial aspects that accompany Paul's warnings, advice and message to the diverse Corinthian Christian church. As a result, Paul did a recalling to warning (vv. 1-5) regarding the parallel experiences between his ancestors and them to become learning (vv. 6-10) to then turn to turn (vv. 11-13) towards optimal and total balance. starting with religious regularity, namely loyalty to Allah.

Exploring the Theology of Selected Hymns: Towards an African Christian Theology of Mission

This paper explores the theological message embedded in the hymns: “The incarnate God appeared” and “Come Holy Spirit, come now”. Theological findings from these hymns are used to formulate an African Christian theology of mission based on thematic areas such as the trinitarian dimension of mission, the centrality of the cross in mission, mission as the core mandate of the Church and mission as incarnational agapaō. By this, the paper makes the message of the selected hymns accessible to the global Christian community, promotes the development of hymnody in the African church and at the same time provides a paradigm for Christian mission in the 21st century African society. This is a literature research that uses data from books, theses, journal articles, among others. The findings indicate that hymns constitute a great tool for the missionary enterprise of the church, therefore Christian hymns should be developed and promoted. It is recommended that, for Christian mission in Africa to be meaningful and relevant to Africans, it must endeavor to address the existential issue in African societies. Key Words: Africa, Hymns, Christology, Mission, Pneumatology, Theology

Theology of Wisdom

This chapter explores the theology of wisdom in the Old Testament with a focus on the books of Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, and Job as well as a consideration of deuterocanonical (Sirach and Wisdom of Solomon) and New Testament wisdom. This study concludes that the theological message of wisdom centers on the concept of the fear of the Lord. Proverbs also demonstrates the pervasive theological dimension of wisdom through the picture of Woman Wisdom, who ultimately represents not only Yahweh’s wisdom, but Yahweh himself. To be wise entails a relationship with Yahweh. The New Testament associates Jesus with Woman Wisdom, thus implying wisdom can be achieved only through relationship with Jesus. This study of the theological dimension of wisdom challenges the contention of some scholars that wisdom is more practical and humanistic and distant from other theological traditions in the Old Testament.

Intercultural musical dialogue in St John Passion by Sofia Gubaidulina

Sofia Gubaidulina is one of the most important composers living today. Among her many works acknowledged and awarded prizes on the international forum, the diptych St John Passion and St John Easter [The Resurrection of Christ according to St John], the opus magnum of that outstanding Russian composer, occupies a special place. This work focuses the most important features of her music, such as a profound theological message based on a compilation of fragments from the Old Testament, Gospels and the Apocalypse of St John, as well as her musical rootedness in the cultural tradition of the churches of both East and West. Gubaidulina adapts the achievements of the artistic avant-garde in new and original ways, while at the same time she is an ardent champion of traditional universal values grounded in the message of the Bible and Christian cultural tradition. This paper presents St John Passion by Sofia Gubaidulina in the context of its theological and intercultural dialogue, as well as attempting to characterise the phenomenon represented by this composer, who raises anew reflection on the fate of humankind in the context of existential questions, while remaining faithful to the idea of high art, exquisite and open to various understandings of the idea of beauty.