ABLE: Meta-Path Prediction in Heterogeneous Information Networks

Given a heterogeneous information network (HIN) H, a head node h , a meta-path P, and a tail node t , the meta-path prediction aims at predicting whether h can be linked to t by an instance of P. Most existing solutions either require predefined meta-paths, which limits their scalability to schema-rich HINs and long meta-paths, or do not aim at predicting the existence of an instance of P. To address these issues, in this article, we propose a novel prediction model, called ABLE, by exploiting the A ttention mechanism and B i L STM for E mbedding. Particularly, we present a concatenation node embedding method by considering the node types and a dynamic meta-path embedding method that carefully considers the importance and positions of edge types in the meta-paths by the Attention mechanism and BiLSTM model, respectively. A triplet embedding is then derived to complete the prediction. We conduct extensive experiments on four real datasets. The empirical results show that ABLE outperforms the state-of-the-art methods by up to 20% and 22% of improvement of AUC and AP scores, respectively.

Advanced Placement Course Credit and Undergraduate Student Success in Gateway Science Courses

Approximately two million students take Advanced Placement (AP) examinations annually. However, departmental policies that allow students to replace introductory courses with AP credit greatly vary within and across universities, even across relatively similar universities. This study examines the impact of AP credit policies on subsequent course success in Biology, Chemistry, and Physics at six large public research universities (N = 48,230 students). Examining average treatment effects for students skipping college courses using inverse-probability weights with regression adjustment, we found that students who skipped actually performed similarly well or better in subsequent courses than students who did not skip, even in contexts where lower AP scores were accepted. We also discovered wide variation in percentage of students who chose to skip when meeting their local policies. Therefore, to reduce unnecessary coursework that is burdensome for both students and universities, we suggest that departments consider modifying AP credit policies and that advisors consider encouraging students to skip when they have eligible AP scores.

The Relation Between Body Perception and Acceptance of Prenancy Related with The Weight Gain During The Pregnancy

Aim: This study aims to investigate the relation between body perception and acceptance of prenancy related with the weight gain during the pregnancy. Material-Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted between December 2017 and January 2018 at the Health Research and Application Center Hospital, Gynecology and Urology Polyclinics of a university in Edirne. The study was conducted with 185 women who presented to the hospital. Data were collected with the information form prepared by the researchers according to the literature, The Subscale Body Perception of Pregnancy Self-Perception of Pregnants Scale (SPSS-BPP) and The subscale Acceptance of Pregnancy of Prenatal Self-Evaluation Questionnaire (PSEQ-AP). Results: The mean of age was found 29.9 ± 6.4 years, marriage time was 7.3 ± 6.5 years, gestational week was 26.0 ± 8.3 weeks, the mean of weight that they gained during pregnancy was 9.1 ± 4.1 kilos. It was determined that 64.9% of pregnants were uncomfortable with kilos and 14.6% of them thought that others were uncomfortable with their kilos. The mean of subscale Body Perception of Pregnancy of SPPS was 15.7 ± 5.4. The mean of subscale Acceptance of Pregnancy of PSEQ scores were 23.8 ± 14.6. There was a correlation between SPSS-BPP scores and PSEQ-AP scores of pregnant women. There was a correlation between weight they gained during pregnancy and SPSS-BPP and PSEQ-AP scores of pregnant women. Conclusion: According to results, while the body perception of pregnancy increased positively, the acceptance of pregnancy also increased. When the acceptance of pregnancy increased, body perception also affected positively.

Practical Consequences of Model Misfit When Using Rating Scales to Assess the Severity Of Attention Problems in Children

In this study we examined the consequences of ignoring violations of assumptions un-derlying the use of sum scores in assessing attention problems (AP), and if psychomet-rically more refined models improve predictions of relevant outcomes in adulthood. Tracking Adolescents’ Individual Lives data were used. AP symptom properties were examined using the AP scale of the Child Behavior Checklist at age 11. Consequences of model violations were evaluated in relation to psychopathology, educational attain-ment, financial status, and ability to form relationships in adulthood. Results showed that symptoms differed with respect to information and difficulty. Moreover, evidence of multidimensionality was found, with two groups of items measuring sluggish cogni-tive tempo and ADHD symptoms. Item response theory analyses indicated that a bifac-tor model fitted these data better than other competing models. In terms of accuracy of predicting functional outcomes, sum scores were robust against violations of assump-tions in some situations. Nevertheless, AP scores derived from the bifactor model showed some superiority over sum scores. These findings show that more accurate predictions of later-life difficulties can be made if one uses a more suitable psychomet-ric model to assess AP severity in children. This has important implications for research and clinical practice.

Neurodevelopmental Trajectories Related to Attention Problems Predict Driving-Related Risk Behaviors

Objective: Investigate neurodevelopmental trajectories related to attention/hyperactivity problems (AP) in a community sample of adolescents and whether these trajectories predict later-emerging health risk behaviors. Method: One hundred sixty-six participants underwent up to three magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans ( n = 367) between 11 and 20 years of age. AP were measured during early adolescence using the Child Behaviour Checklist, and engagement in risk behaviors was measured during late adolescence using the “DRIVE” survey (i.e., driving risks) and items assessing alcohol-harms. Results: Greater AP scores during early adolescence were related to less reduction over time of left dorsal prefrontal, left ventrolateral prefrontal, and right orbitofrontal thickness. Less thinning of the orbitofrontal cortex was related to greater driving-related risk behaviors at late adolescence. Conclusion: Findings highlight altered neurodevelopmental trajectories in adolescents with AP. Furthermore, altered orbitofrontal development was related to later-emerging driving-related risk, and this neurobiological change mediated the association between attention problems and risk behaviors.