APLIKASI PENGENALAN TINGKAT KEMATANGAN BUAH TOMAT MENGGUNAKAN FITUR WARNA HSV BERBASIS ANDROID

Tomatoes ripen relatively quickly, so tomato farmers must be able to properly sort the tomatoes for distribution. Farmers typically sort the tomatoes by hand. Tomato farmers are generally experts at manually sorting tomatoes, but humans have many limitations, such as being tired and unfocused. Because these issues can lead to inconsistencies and inaccuracies in sorting, a tool is required to help with the process. As a result, it is necessary to create an Android application to aid in the sorting process. The reason for using Android as a platform is that it is a tool that a large number of people own. The LVQ algorithm is used as a learning algorithm to find the best model for tomato recognition. To build the model, the algorithm requires features. Colors with Hue, Saturation, and Value (HSV) are used. The Personal eXtreme Programming (PXP) system development methodology was used to create applications that recognize the level of ripeness of tomatoes. Unified Modeling Language (UML) is the analytic tool of choice. The application was successfully developed on the Android platform based on the test results. The application's use results in an accuracy of 80%. Green and red tomatoes are the most well-known types of tomatoes. Turning tomatoes are difficult to identify because many of them are mistaken for green tomatoes.Keyword: Android; eXtreme Programming; HSV; Recognition; TomatoBuah tomat memiliki waktu kematangan relatif cepat, sehingga petani tomat harus dapat menyortir buah tomat dengan tepat yang akan didistribusikan. Pada umumnya petani menyortir buah tomat secara manual. Petani tomat juga pada umumnya sudah ahli dalam menyortir tomat secara manual, tetapi manusia memiliki banyak keterbatasan seperti lelah dan tidak fokus. Masalah tersebut dapat meyebabkan inkonsistensi dan ketidaktepatan dalam penyortirannya, sehingga dibutuhkan alat bantu untuk membantu proses peyortiran tersebut. Oleh karena itu, perlu dikembangkan sebuah aplikasi Android yang dapat membantu proses penyortiran tersebut. Alasan penggunaan Android sebagai platform karena merupakan alat yang banyak dimiliki orang pada umumnya. Algoritme LVQ digunakan sebagai algoritme pembelajaran untuk mendapatkan model terbaik dalam mengenali buah tomat. Algoritme tersebut membutuhkan fitur untuk membangun modelnya. Fitur yang digunakan adalah warna Hue, Saturation, dan Value (HSV). Aplikasi pengenalan tingkat kematangan buah tomat dikembangkan menggunakan metodologi pengembangan sistem Personal eXtreme Programming (PXP). Alat analisis yang digunakan adalah Unified Modeling Language (UML). Berdasarkan hasil pengujian, aplikasi berhasil dikembangkan pada platform Android. Penggunaan aplikasi tersebut menghasilkan akurasi sebesar 80%. Tomat yang paling banyak dikenali adalah tomat Green dan Red. Tomat Turning cukup sulit dikenali, karena tomat tersebut cukup banyak yang dikenali sebagai tomat Green.Kata Kunci: Android; eXtreme Programming; HSV; Pengenalan; Tomat

Investigating atmosphere’s environmental components and work environment of a household landfill’s platform

Household landfills can be important sources of air quality contamination if they do not comply with technological sorting and storage procedures. Also, workers' exposure to environmental hazards endangers their health over time. A significant amount of household waste is stored in cells, monthly, after a sorting process that leaves a considerable ecological footprint. In this study we analysed air quality at the boundary of a compliant household landfill, as well as the quality of work environment of landfill’s workers. To do this, we performed measurements on two levels (air quality and work environment) over three months, following different phases of waste disposal and different activities involving workers serving the facilities. From an applied perspective, results obtained from research activities provide clear answers to questions related to ways in which environmental components are affected by waste storage activities, and workers are exposed to professional noxious. Results show that the landfill deteriorates environment quality, over time, as well as health of workers. Topic relevance is in connection with its potential future contribution to development of knowledge in the approached field, to be able to quantify progress, once integrated systems for modern ecological collection and storage have legislative regulations.

Relanguaging Language from a South African Township School

Using data from a long-term ethnographic study of English language classrooms in a South African township, this book conceptualises language teaching not as a progression from one fixed language to another, but as a circular sorting process between linguistic heterogeneity (languaging) and homogeneity (a standard language).

Watermelon Sorting Process by Frequency Identification and Artificial Neural Network

This research aims to enhance the watermelon’s quality selection process, which was traditionally conducted by knocking the watermelon fruit and sort out by the sound’s character. The proposed method in this research is generating the sound spectrum through the watermelon and then analyzes the response signal’s frequency and the amplitude by Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). Then the obtained data were used to train and verify the neural network processor. The result shows that, the frequencies of 129 and 172 Hz were suit to be used in the comparison. Thirty watermelons, which were randomly selected from the orchard, were used to create a data set, and then were cut to manually check and match to the fruits’ quality. The 129 Hz frequency gave the response ranging from 13.57 and above in 3 groups of watermelons quality, including, not fully ripened, fully ripened, and close to rotten watermelons. When the 172 Hz gave the response between 11.11–12.72 in not fully ripened watermelons and those of 13.00 or more in the group of close to rotten and hollow watermelons. The response was then used as a training condition for the artificial neural network processor of the sorting machine prototype. The verification results provided a reasonable prediction of the ripeness level of watermelon and can be used as a pilot prototype to improve the efficiency of the tools to obtain a modern-watermelon quality selection tool, which could enhance the competitiveness of the local farmers on the product quality control.

OPTIMIZATION OF CUT BRAKING MODES ON THE GRAVITY HUMP

Purpose. At the stage of development of modern information systems for controlling the process of breaking up trains on the humps, the main task is to determine such conditions for cuts' rolling, under which the established safety requirements for breaking up, as well as the requirements for the safety of wagons and cargo in them, are fulfilled. The determination of such rolling modes is undoubtedly a rather complex optimization problem, the solution of which is being addressed by a large number of scientists. In this regard, it can be considered that this problem remains relevant, therefore, the purpose of this research work is to determine such modes of braking of cuts of the train, which ensure their reliable separation when rolling from the top of the hill to the sorting tracks. Methodology. To carry out research on the process of dismantling trains on the hump, the method of simulation was used, and to search for the braking modes of the cuts of the calculation group, the Box complex method was used. Findings. The conditions for separating cuts of the calculated group of the train were investigated, and an iterative procedure was developed to optimize the braking modes of all the cuts of the train, which makes it possible to ensure the maximum value of the minimum interval in the calculated group. In this case, the specified procedure takes into account the intervals between the cuts, both on the arrows and on the retarders of the brake positions of the downhill part of the hill. Originality. It has been established in the work that when determining the modes of braking the cuts of the train, it is necessary to take into account the possible separation of the cuts on all elements of the downhill part of the hill - arrows and retarders. The problem of finding the optimal braking modes for all cuts of the train has been formalized and solved, which, in turn, allow providing reliable conditions for separating adjacent cuts at the turnouts and brake positions of the downhill part of the hill. Practical value. The developed method can be used in the study of the sorting process, as well as in the automation systems for disbanding trains on the hump when determining the braking modes of the cuts.

HAZARDOUS PROPERTIES OF BROMINATED, PHOSPHORUS, CHLORINATED, NITROGEN AND MINERAL FLAME RETARDANTS IN PLASTICS WHICH MAY HINDER THEIR RECYCLING

Flame retardants are numerous and some of them are (re)classified with time as hazardous for the man and the environment. A list of 69 flame retardants used in EU was set from three sources and their chemical properties were searched in their registration dossier at ECHA. Substance self-classifications (hazard statement assignment by the registrant) frequently indicate no hazard or data not available, while for the same substances a re-evaluation by ECHA is underway as persistent, bioaccumulative, toxic or endocrine disruptor. When the substance has hazard statement(s), the concentration that triggers the classification of a plastic as hazardous when it is a waste can be compared to the functional concentration, when available. Registration dossiers should be completed for the many “non-available” information. Of these 69 substances, 12 (= 17%) are used at concentrations greater than those making plastic waste hazardous and 13 (= 19%) are under re-evaluation by ECHA. These 12 or 13 substances should not become “legacy” substances which hinder the recycling of plastics. The sorting (mainly by density) and management options of these flame-retarded plastics are discussed. The technical concentration limit of 2000 mg total Br/kg for sorting should not be modified as it includes all organobromine substances currently reassessed by ECHA. A two-step sorting process is necessary to avoid the loss of non-hazardous dense plastics.

What do Yellow Trash Containers Hide?

We do not know whether recycling will save us from environmental disaster. We believe, however, that segregating trash makes sense. From an early age, our children learn to link the colors of containers with various types of waste. Plastic bags, plastic bottles, metal caps, aluminum cans and milk cartons end up in yellow containers and bags every day. These few examples already show the diversity of these materials. According to the Resin Identification Code (RIC) system introduced in 1988, there are as many as seven codes to designate plastics alone. The waste we separate must therefore undergo another sorting process so that we can speak of proper recycling. How to do it? It turns out that an adequately designed camera is sufficient.

Study of Variability of Waste Wood Samples Collected in a Panel Board Industry

Waste wood is becoming an appealing alternative material to virgin wood, and the main drivers are the increased demand for waste wood by the panel industry, the introduction of renewable energy policies, and the waste framework directive. In fact, the use of waste wood as a secondary resource is favored over both landfills and combustion. The best reuse and cascading use of the material are linked to its characteristics. That is why it is important to know the chemical composition and the variation in the properties of such a heterogeneous material. In this article, a sampling study was carried out in a panel board company located in the northern part of Italy. In order to investigate the heterogeneity of waste wood, all samples have been analyzed by near-infrared spectroscopy. Nested analysis of variance and principal component analysis have been used to evaluate the heterogeneity and the variation in sample properties. The approach gives information about how to ensure representative measurements and efficiently describe the variability of the material. The results suggest that it is important to have replicates or at least two subsamples for each lot and then measure each of these with at least 100 scans, in order to get representative measurements and describe the variability of the material. The determination of waste wood composition and variability is the focal point for improving the sorting process and increasing the reuse of waste wood, avoiding expensive landfills and risks for human health and the environment.

Designing Narcissistic Self-Sorting Terpyridine Moieties with High Coordination Selectivity for Complex Metallo-Supramolecules

Coordination-driven self-assembly serves as a powerful approach for the construction of metallo-supramolecules, however, it still remains its infancy in design of coordination moieties with high selectivity and specificity. Herein, two unique ortho-modified terpyridine ligands (MA and MB) were designed and synthesized to form head-to-tail coordination complexes with Zn(II) respectively. Both of them showed excellent narcissistic self-sorting process due to the exquisite design. Further, two multitopic ligands (LA and LB) with narcissistic self-sorting moieties were obtained and used to construct more complex metallo-supramolecules hexagons. More interestingly, because of the non-coaxial structural restrictions in the rotation of terpyridine moieties, the obtained hexagonal macrocycles were able to hierarchically self-assemble into giant cyclic nanostructures via side-to-side stacking rather than face-to-face stacking. Our design of dissymmetrical coordination moieties could pave a new avenue for the development of congested coordination pairs with high selectivity and specificity.