Establishing motives as a condition for developing measures to prevent domestic violence

Motive's researching as a condition for improving the quality of domestic violence prevention The article is devoted to the analysis of the motivation and motives of crimes related to domestic violence. The author presents his assumptions about the factors of domestic violence in order to improve the qualityofprevention. There was an attempt to approach the causes of domestic violence from the standpoint of the influence of unconscious factors because this behavior has a stable systemic and cyclical character and the roles of the abuser-victim are changing.

Interdepartmental Interaction to Combating Against Domestic Violence

The role of interdepartmental interaction to combating against domestic violence is described. The need for interdepartmental cooperation in combating against domestic violence is highlighted. Interdepartmental cooperation is considered as a coordinated prevention of domestic violence and ensuring effective and practical realization of the rights of victims. Aspects (appearance, meaning, process, result) of domestic violence are described. It is stated that the act of domestic violence is a planned, conscious, controlled process. It is proved that in accordance with international standards and domestic legislation, interdepartmental cooperation is carried out both in the field of prevention and combating domestic violence. A socio-pedagogical model of domestic violence prevention is developed. The use of the model makes it possible to describe not only the long-term relationships between its components, but also to determine the potential ability of individual components in the future to restore equilibrium. In general, the developed socio and pedagogical model of prevention of domestic violence will effectively to combating against domestic violence and its recurrence. Presented analysis demonstrates the benefits of comprehensively reflecting the interagency relationships between different organizations and victims of domestic violence.

Domestic Violence Risk Assessment and Case Documentation

Risk assessment is a cornerstone of domestic violence prevention and intervention. From the front-line responders' perspective, risk assessment constitutes a process that starts from identifying the factors increasing the likelihood of violence and then continues to plan safety measures to manage the sources of risks and prevent the recurrence of violence. To address some of the shortcomings related to the risk assessment of domestic violence, the IMPRODOVA project developed a Risk Assessment Integration Module, RAIMO. The overall purpose of RAIMO is to bridge the gaps between different risk assessment tools and professional perspectives and thereby to generate a shared understanding of risk assessment in multiprofessional and cooperative contexts. While RAIMO can be utilised in learning, teaching and as a databank, in this chapter, we focus on the key aspects and findings in risk assessment research. The chapter also aims to equip front-line responders with applicable information to revise or remodel the existing risk assessment procedures, networks, and tools.

Case of “Levchuk vs Ukraine” and its importance for the protection of women from domestic violence in Ukraine

The paper is devoted to the characterization and analysis of the content of the key positions of the European Court of Human Rights embodied in the judgment in Levchuk v. Ukraine and related to the protection of the right to a fair trial, the right to an effective remedy and the right to respect for private and family life in the context of the protection and restoration of the applicant`s violated rights in connection with the commission of domestic violence against her. Therefore the purpose of the paper is to establish the content of the ECtHR’s legal opinions and positions embodied in the judgment in Levchuk v. Ukraine in the light of combating domestic violence, protecting victims and the prospects of the Court’s impact on domestic violence prevention and protection in Ukraine. Author states that the ECtHR's findings as to the need for the national court to take into account the risks of future physical and psychological violence by the applicant's ex-husband and cohabitant in deciding on his eviction as a realization of a right to an effective remedy not only per se, but also in an expedited trial. These components suggest that the Court in this case established a positive obligation on the part of the State of Ukraine through its judicial and law enforcement system to ensure the effective protection of the applicant from domestic violence. It is argued that despite the application by the ECtHR in this case only individual measures in the form of payment of compensation to the applicant, the precedent nature of the judgment in Levchuk v. Ukraine and the Court’s legal findings in the context of combating domestic violence in our country can lead to gradual and thorough regulative and administrative changes, approaching the moment of ratification of the Istanbul Convention by Ukraine.

Implementation Barriers and Enablers for Preventing Domestic Violence against Women in Northwestern Ethiopia: A Qualitative Implementation Research

Background: Ethiopia is signatory to various international and regional conventions, agreements and protocols related to violence against women, yet the many women suffer violence. To date, very little is known about how these conventions and protocols are implemented, and the barriers associated with implementation. Our study explored the barriers to implementation of domestic violence against women prevention policies and enablers in the Northwestern Ethiopia.Methods: We conducted in-depth interviews, key informant interviews and focus group discussions among a total of 43 participants purposefully selected from different sectors and communities. Data were transcribed, coded and thematically analyzed using NVivo 11 software.Results: Community-traditional gender-norms, budget constraints, poor planning and non-adherence to planned activities, lack of commitment, poor integration and inter-sectoral collaboration served as barriers to implementation of policies aimed at preventing domestic violence in Ethiopia. However, enablers of domestic implementation of violence prevention programs include community health extension program, women development ‘army’, policy frameworks, government’s political willingness, presence of school-based gender clubs.Conclusions: The implementation of existing evidence and policies was still poor at the community level due to lack of inter-sectoral collaboration, poor integration and stakeholders with competing priorities among others. Future intervention programs that would sustain and synergized domestic violence prevention, should integrate intersectoral collaboration and service within existing program.

Domestic Violence During the COVID-19 Pandemic – Analysis of Legal Solutions Adopted by Selected European Countries

Domestic violence imposes a serious threat to the safety of both individuals and society in general. Experiencing domestic violence adversely affects the lives and health of victims in a particularly severe way. Reports provided by states and organisations demonstrate that domestic violence has increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. Governmental restrictions aimed at stopping the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus have had a negative impact on the victims of domestic violence, limiting their ability to benefit from the institutional support guaranteed by existing laws. An analysis of the domestic violence prevention solutions implemented by selected European countries during the COVID-19 pandemic leads to the conclusion that states were not prepared for the social impact of the introduced restrictions, such as an increase in domestic violence cases. Their measures mainly consist of establishing instructions for the functioning of certain institutions or guaranteeing the possibility of using the forms of assistance provided. The legal solutions that many European legislators have enacted are insufficient. No comprehensive strategies have been introduced to prevent this problem during the pandemic.