This essay surveys existing scholarship on the appearance and use of the Bible in modern Chinese fiction, including chronological, biographical, and thematic studies, while offering its own approach to the Bible in fiction through the type and degree of literary engagement. This ranges from direct, sustained dialogue with the Bible, as in stories based on a particular biblical scene or pericope or the many semi-fictional Lives of Christ produced in the first half of the twentieth century, through to much more diffuse or passing references to biblical themes or allusions. The essay begins with the representation of the physical Bible in literature before considering the transcribed Bible, in direct citation of Bible passages in stories or novels, while the second part of the essay considers literary or thematic engagement.