Decorative plate from the grave 5 kurgan 3 of the bu rial ground Ki chigi no I

The paper analyzes fragments of the golden foil, which were found during the investigation of grave 5 kurgan 3 of Kichigino I burial ground. Initially these fragments probably were the parts of openwork decorative plate with depicted scene of animal torment on it according to the Scythian and Siberian animal style image tradition. Authors assume four variants of form reconstruction. Stylistic and technological features of the plate distinguish it from other adornments, which were found during the investigations both in the burial 5 and kurgan 3.Generally this article is not typical for art image traditions of Southern Trans-Urals animal style.

Model evaluation in computational historical linguistics

This is a reply to the comments by Hammarström et al. (This volume) and List (This volume) on the target article Computational Historical Linguistics (This volume). There I proposed several methodological principles for research in Computational Historical Linguistics pertaining to suitable techniques for model fitting and model evaluation. Hammarström et al. debate the usefulness of these principles, and List proposes a novel evaluation measure specifically aimed at the task of proto-form reconstruction. This reply will focus on the role of model evaluation in our field.

Joint cluster reconstructions

Context. Galaxy clusters provide a multitude of observational data across wavelengths, and their structure and morphology are of considerable interest in cosmology as well as astrophysics. Aims. We develop a framework that allows the combination of lensing and non-lensing observations in a free-form and mesh-free approach to infer the projected mass distribution of individual galaxy clusters. This method can be used to test common assumptions on the morphology of clusters in parametric models. Methods. We make use of the lensing reconstruction code SAWLENS2, and expand its capabilities by incorporating an estimate of the projected gravitational potential based on X-ray data that are deprojected using the local Richardson–Lucy method and used to infer the Newtonian potential of the cluster. We discuss how potentially arising numerical artefacts can be treated. Results. We demonstrate the feasibility of our method on a simplified mock Navarro–Frenk–White (NFW) halo and on a cluster from a realistic hydrodynamical simulation. We show how the combination of X-ray and weak lensing data can affect a free-form reconstruction, improving the accuracy in the central region in some cases by a factor of two.

On the Creation and Design Methods of New Chinese Furniture

Through the analysis of the formation, evolution and extension of the concept of new Chinese furniture, the new Chinese furniture, put forward the basic concept and idea of the innovative design of new Chinese furniture, focused on specific method for the function extension, technological innovation and form reconstruction, and provides theoretical guidance for the design practice.

Application of Regression Spline to Reverse Modeling

When dealing with inspection or reverse modeling, the problem of free-form curves and surfaces reconstruction has to be faced starting from a set of measured points. Because in point sampling the acquisition error is unavoidable, curves and surfaces fitting should be based on a rigorous diagnostic phase. We consider statistical regression analysis in which, treating error as a variable of the problem, we distinguish between the systematic behavior of measured points and noise in the reconstruction of curves and surfaces. The model we introduce for a regression based free-form reconstruction is the so-called regression spline. It is a well known model in the literature, with a consolidated theory and applications in fields such as chemical, econometric, and biomedical. Our purpose is to discuss the application of this powerful and flexible approach in a reverse modeling environment.