3D Scanning of Semitransparent Amber with and without Inclusions

This paper is concerned with making 3D scans of semitransparent ambers with and without inclusions. The paper presents results of using a variety of devices applied for this purpose. Equipment used in the experiments includes a 3D laser scanner, a structured light scanner, a stereo camera, a camera array and a tomograph. The main object used in the experiment was an amber with a fossil of a lizard. The paper shows possibilities of acquiring the 3D structure of fossils embedded in semitransparent material which interfere with the measurement performed by 3D scanning equipment. Moreover, the paper shows the application of results of 3D scanning as the 3D scan of a lizard was reconstructed in a virtual reality cave making it possible to visualize in detail its shape and texture

Delayed enhancing lesions after coil embolization of aneurysms: clinical experience and benchtop analyses

BackgroundForeign body emboli during endovascular treatment (EVT) may cause delayed enhancing lesions (DELs).ObjectiveTo report our experiences of this complication in patients treated for cerebral aneurysms and to investigate the cause of the lesions by benchtop analyses.MethodsThree patients with DELs on MRI after EVT were retrospectively investigated. Unusual friction had occurred in the midst of coil delivery in two patients. The imaging findings, cause of the lesions due to the devices used for the procedure, treatment, and follow-up results were assessed. Two benchtop analyses were performed. First, a microcatheter that showed similar unusual friction during coiling was retrieved and dissected at the point of friction. Second, the EVT procedure was simulated with multiple coil advancement and withdrawal maneuvers within an acutely angulated microcatheter to identify downstream foreign body material emboli.ResultsThe DELs were identified 27–37 days (mean 32.7) after the procedure. The patients presented with left arm weakness, headache, and no other symptoms. The lesions were located in the hemisphere corresponding to the treatment. The symptoms subsided after conservative therapy. The dissected microcatheter showed whitish semitransparent material adherent to the inner lumen. Similar material was sieved after multiple coil advancement and withdrawal maneuvers.ConclusionsDELs may be caused by fragmentation and emboli of the inner coating wall of the microcatheter. Development of unusual friction during coil delivery may be a sign of damage of the microcatheter inner wall and the device should be discarded.