Impact of Low pH on Microbial Growth Rate, ATP Production, and NADH to NAD+ ratio

Background: Bacterial metabolism is the tendency of bacteria to live, function, and replicate fittingly under their current culture and varied environment conditions. Microorganisms have intricated metabolic regulatory mechanisms to ameliorate environmental stresses. Objectives: We examined the effect of acidic pH, as one of stresses, on growth rate and metabolism of five different microorganisms. Methodology: ATP level, as an indicator for microbial viability, and alterations in NADH/NAD+ ratio, which plays a critical role in microbial metabolism, were assessed. Results: Our results showed that alterations in pH influence metabolism of different bacterial species with different extent. The growth rate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Bacillus Subtilis were diminished with an elevation in ATP and NADH/NAD+ ratio at low pH. Contrary, MRSA and MSSA showed trivial alterations for ATP and NADH/NAD+ ratio. Conclusion: Ultimately, this study affirmed differences in metabolism between different species and confirmed that alterations in pH influenced the metabolism and hence the pathogenesis.

Clinical Characteristics of Hospitalized Patients with SARS-CoV-2 and Hepatitis B virus Co-infection

Background & AimsThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COIVD-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 has been characterized as a pandemic, which causes a serious public health challenge in the world. A very large group of patients infected by HBV has been reported worldwide, especially in China. In order to answer whether specific treatment strategy on the patients coinfected with HBV and SARS-CoV-2, it requires profound understanding of the clinical characteristics on those patients. However, the impacts of SARS-CoV-2 infection on HBV patients remain largely unknown.Approach & ResultsIn this retrospective investigation, we included 123 COVID-19 patients admitted to Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China, from January 5 to March 7, 2020. All enrolled patients are the laboratory confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia cases according to the criteria reported previously. A total of 123 patients were analyzed for their Clinical records, laboratory results including the diagnosis of HBV infection and liver function. Among 123 confirmed COVID-19 patients, the mean age was 51 years old and 59.3% were females (73/123). Fifteen were previously HBV infected patients, 66.7% of them were males (10/15), patients with HBV infection appeared to have a higher incidence of liver cirrhosis and an increased level of total bilirubin. Seven (46.7%) patients with HBV infection were defined as severe cases, while the severity rate was 24.1% for the patients without HBV infection (26/108). The mortality of patients with HBV infection was 13.3% (2/15) compared to 2.8% (3/108) for the patients without HBV infection.ConclusionsSARS-CoV-2 infection may cause Live function damage in COVID-19 cases and the patients with HBV infection are likely to have more severe disease outcome.

Assessment system of condition of typical building infrastructure using fuzzy analitical hierarchy procces (FAHP) method

Conditions existing infrastructure needs to be maintained, it can be operated / function, so we need a good maintenance. Operation and maintenance activities carried out in a sustainable manner, to restore, optimize, and service live function according to design life. Assessment of the condition is a link between opration and maintenance functions. If the conditions are bad, then the operation will not be optimal, which could result in malfunction. In this research, case studies assess the conditions of student dormitory buildings with prototype design. Weighting component using Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process as a method of analysis. The results of the analysis show that by using the FAHP method, the weighting of building components from the assessment of the subjectivity of expert respondents can be calculated. The result of this weighting Component can be used as a calculation factor of the value of the condition of the building, and can be applied to student dormitory buildings with typical design.