CD36 maintains the gastric mucosa and associates with gastric disease

The gastric epithelium is often exposed to injurious elements and failure of appropriate healing predisposes to ulcers, hemorrhage, and ultimately cancer. We examined the gastric function of CD36, a protein linked to disease and homeostasis. We used the tamoxifen model of gastric injury in mice null for Cd36 (Cd36−/−), with Cd36 deletion in parietal cells (PC-Cd36−/−) or in endothelial cells (EC-Cd36−/−). CD36 expresses on corpus ECs, on PC basolateral membranes, and in gastrin and ghrelin cells. Stomachs of Cd36−/− mice have altered gland organization and secretion, more fibronectin, and inflammation. Tissue respiration and mitochondrial efficiency are reduced. Phospholipids increased and triglycerides decreased. Mucosal repair after injury is impaired in Cd36−/− and EC-Cd36−/−, not in PC-Cd36−/− mice, and is due to defect of progenitor differentiation to PCs, not of progenitor proliferation or mature PC dysfunction. Relevance to humans is explored in the Vanderbilt BioVu using PrediXcan that links genetically-determined gene expression to clinical phenotypes, which associates low CD36 mRNA with gastritis, gastric ulcer, and gastro-intestinal hemorrhage. A CD36 variant predicted to disrupt an enhancer site associates (p < 10−17) to death from gastro-intestinal hemorrhage in the UK Biobank. The findings support role of CD36 in gastric tissue repair, and its deletion associated with chronic diseases that can predispose to malignancy.

Carcinoid of small intestine - the cause of gastro-intestinal hemorrhage and acute ileus

Carcinoid of small intestine - the cause of gastro-intestinal hemorrhage and acute ileus

Case Report: Near-Fatal Intestinal Hemorrhage and Acute Acalculous Cholecystitis due to Vi-Negative and Fluoroquinolone-Insensitive Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi Infection: A Rare Entity

Typhoid fever is usually a mild clinical disease. Typhoid fever with massive intestinal hemorrhage is rare in the antibiotic era. Acute acalculous cholecystitis (AAC) is also rare in adults. Here, we describe the first adult case of typhoid fever with both complications due to Vi-negative and fluoroquinolone-insensitive Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi) infection. We aim to alert physicians to this rare condition.

Peculiarities of dynamics of level of the acute phase C-reactive protein and its connection with the immune system of organism in patients, suffering the ulcer gastro-intestinal hemorrhage with concurrent cardio-vascular pathology

Objective. To improve the investigated efficacy of treatment in elderly and senile patients, suffering the ulcer gastro-intestinal hemorrhage, in accordance to dynamics of levels of C-reactive protein, the immune system indices, and in connection with clinical picture studied. Materials and methods. Prospective investigation was conducted in 35 patients of elderly and senile age (in accordance to classification of The World Health Organization – 61 - 90 yrs old), suffering the ulcer gastro-intestinal hemorrhage, the course of which was complicated by cardio-vascular pathology – an acute coronary syndrome (angina pectoris, atrial fibrillation, extrasystole, arrhythmia of various genesis) and an acute myocardial infarctionі in 2019 - 2021 yrs. There were 16 (46%) women and 19 (54%) men. Average age of the patients have constituted 76.3 yrs old. This category of patients was distributed in accordance to methods of treatment of coexistent cardio-vascular pathology: Group A – 20 patients, who took hypotensive therapy in accordance to standard scheme, Group B – 15 patients, who took a «double» therapy. The control group consisted of 50 relatively healthy persons (donors), who have had approximately equal age, the gender distribution with the patients investigated, while procedure of the indices determination in them was the same. Results. Degree of the blood loss in accordance to classification of Marino (1998) was investigated. In Group A a small blood loss was observed in 7 (35%), and a middle one – in 13 (65%) patients. In group B big blood loss was noted in 9 (60%), while a massive one – in 6 (40%) patients. The term before admittance to hospital and preparations, which the patients took for treatment of cardio-vascular pathology – anticoagulants, antiaggregants, hypotensive, and their combinations as well – have impacted the blood loss degree. The dynamics of levels of C-reactive protein, іnterleukin-6 and іnterleukin-4 in these groups of patients was determined. Conclusion. On the 7th day in groups A and B normalization of levels of the acute phase index of C-reactive protein, proinflammatory interleukin-6 and proinflammatory interleukin-4 (in group B especially expressed) was not revealed. Potent interrelationship between levels of С-reactive protein and interleukin-6 was revealed, but it was statistically nonsignificant due to small size of statistical sample of the groups. Level of interleukin-4 was sharply reduced without a tendency to normalization (p <0,01). At the same time, therapy of comorbidities in patients with cardio-vascular pathology influenced a state of interleukins mentioned above. Clinical significance of immune indices was proved on multiple clinical examples and may constitute one of objective criteria for estimation of the patients’ state, prognostication of the disease course and correction of the treatment initialized.