Maxima of log-correlated fields: some recent developments*

We review recent progress relating to the extreme value statistics of the characteristic polynomials of random matrices associated with the classical compact groups, and of the Riemann zeta-function and other L-functions, in the context of the general theory of logarithmically-correlated Gaussian fields. In particular, we focus on developments related to the conjectures of Fyodorov and Keating concerning the extreme value statistics, moments of moments, connections to Gaussian multiplicative chaos, and explicit formulae derived from the theory of symmetric functions.

Proof of the functional equation for the Riemann zeta-function

In this article, we shall prove a result which enables us to transfer from finite to infinite Euler products. As an example, we give two new proofs of the infinite product for the sine function depending on certain decompositions. We shall then prove some equivalent expressions for the functional equation, i.e. the partial fraction expansion and the integral expression involving the generating function for Bernoulli numbers. The equivalence of the infinite product for the sine functions and the partial fraction expansion for the hyperbolic cotangent function leads to a new proof of the functional equation for the Riemann zeta function.

Investigation of a Control Function Determining the Location of the Zeros as a Possible Proof of the Riemann Hypothesis.

The article examines the control function in relation to the distribution of Zeros on thecritical line x = 0,5. To confirm this hypothesis, it will be necessary to perform a large number ofstatistical analyzes of the distribution of non-trivial zero points of the Riemann Zeta function.

On the Asymptotics to all Orders of the Riemann Zeta Function and of a Two-Parameter Generalization of the Riemann Zeta Function

We present several formulae for the large t t asymptotics of the Riemann zeta function ζ ( s ) \zeta (s) , s = σ + i t s=\sigma +i t , 0 ≤ σ ≤ 1 0\leq \sigma \leq 1 , t > 0 t>0 , which are valid to all orders. A particular case of these results coincides with the classical results of Siegel. Using these formulae, we derive explicit representations for the sum ∑ a b n − s \sum _a^b n^{-s} for certain ranges of a a and b b . In addition, we present precise estimates relating this sum with the sum ∑ c d n s − 1 \sum _c^d n^{s-1} for certain ranges of a , b , c , d a, b, c, d . We also study a two-parameter generalization of the Riemann zeta function which we denote by Φ ( u , v , β ) \Phi (u,v,\beta ) , u ∈ C u\in \mathbb {C} , v ∈ C v\in \mathbb {C} , β ∈ R \beta \in \mathbb {R} . Generalizing the methodology used in the study of ζ ( s ) \zeta (s) , we derive asymptotic formulae for Φ ( u , v , β ) \Phi (u,v, \beta ) .

Majorana quanta, string scattering, curved spacetimes and the Riemann Hypothesis

The Riemann Hypothesis states that the Riemann zeta function ζ(z) admits a set of “non-trivial” zeros that are complex numbers supposed to have real part 1/2. Their distribution on the complex plane is thought to be the key to determine the number of prime numbers before a given number. Hilbert and Pólya suggested that the Riemann Hypothesis could be solved through the mathematical tools of physics, finding a suitable Hermitian or unitary operator that describe classical or quantum systems, whose eigenvalues distribute like the zeros of ζ(z). A different approach is that of finding a correspondence between the distribution of the ζ(z) zeros and the poles of the scattering matrix S of a physical system. Our contribution is articulated in two parts: in the first we apply the infinite-components Majorana equation in a Rindler spacetime and compare the results with those obtained with a Dirac particle following the Hilbert-Pólya approach showing that the Majorana solution has a behavior similar to that of massless Dirac particles and finding a relationship between the zeros of zeta end the energy states. Then, we focus on the S-matrix approach describing the bosonic open string scattering for tachyonic states with the Majorana equation. Here we find that, thanks to the relationship between the angular momentum and energy/mass eigenvalues of the Majorana solution, one can explain the still unclear point for which the poles and zeros of the S-matrix of an ideal system that can satisfy the Riemann Hypothesis, exist always in pairs and are related via complex conjugation. As claimed in the literature, if this occurs and the claim is correct, then the Riemann Hypothesis could be in principle satisfied, tracing a route to a proof.

The Nicolas Criterion for the Riemann Hypothesis

In mathematics, the Riemann hypothesis is a conjecture that the Riemann zeta function has its zeros only at the negative even integers and complex numbers with real part $\frac{1}{2}$. For every prime number $p_{n}$, we define the sequence $X_{n} = \prod_{q \leq p_{n}} \frac{q}{q-1} - e^{\gamma} \times \log \theta(p_{n})$, where $\theta(x)$ is the Chebyshev function and $\gamma \approx 0.57721$ is the Euler-Mascheroni constant. The Nicolas criterion states that the Riemann hypothesis is true if and only if $X_{n} > 0$ holds for all primes $p_{n} > 2$. For every prime number $p_{k} > 2$, $X_{k} > 0$ is called the Nicolas inequality. We prove that the Nicolas inequality holds for all primes $p_{n} > 2$. In this way, we demonstrate that the Riemann hypothesis is true.

The Vortex-like Behavior of the Riemann Zeta Function to the Right of the Critical Strip

Based on an equivalence relation that was established recently on exponential sums, in this paper we study the class of functions that are equivalent to the Riemann zeta function in the half-plane $$\{s\in {\mathbb {C}}:\mathrm{Re}\, s>1\}$$ { s ∈ C : Re s > 1 } . In connection with this class of functions, we first determine the value of the maximum abscissa from which the images of any function in it cannot take a prefixed argument. The main result shows that each of these functions experiments a vortex-like behavior in the sense that the main argument of its images varies indefinitely near the vertical line $$\mathrm{Re}\, s=1$$ Re s = 1 . In particular, regarding the Riemann zeta function $$\zeta (s)$$ ζ ( s ) , for every $$\sigma _0>1$$ σ 0 > 1 we can assure the existence of a relatively dense set of real numbers $$\{t_m\}_{m\ge 1}$$ { t m } m ≥ 1 such that the parametrized curve traced by the points $$(\mathrm{Re} (\zeta (\sigma +it_m)),\mathrm{Im}(\zeta (\sigma +it_m)))$$ ( Re ( ζ ( σ + i t m ) ) , Im ( ζ ( σ + i t m ) ) ) , with $$\sigma \in (1,\sigma _0)$$ σ ∈ ( 1 , σ 0 ) , makes a prefixed finite number of turns around the origin.

The Values of the Periodic Zeta-Function at the Nontrivial Zeros of Riemann’s Zeta-Function

In this paper, we prove an asymptotic formula for the sum of the values of the periodic zeta-function at the nontrivial zeros of the Riemann zeta-function (up to some height) which are symmetrical on the real line and the critical line. This is an extension of the previous results due to Garunkštis, Kalpokas, and, more recently, Sowa. Whereas Sowa’s approach was assuming the yet unproved Riemann hypothesis, our result holds unconditionally.

The Nicolas criterion for the Riemann Hypothesis

In mathematics, the Riemann hypothesis is a conjecture that the Riemann zeta function has its zeros only at the negative even integers and complex numbers with real part $\frac{1}{2}$. For every prime number $p_{n}$, we define the sequence $X_{n} = \prod_{q \leq p_{n}} \frac{q}{q-1} - e^{\gamma} \times \log \theta(p_{n})$, where $\theta(x)$ is the Chebyshev function and $\gamma \approx 0.57721$ is the Euler-Mascheroni constant. The Nicolas criterion states that the Riemann hypothesis is true if and only if $X_{n} > 0$ holds for all primes $p_{n} > 2$. For every prime number $p_{k} > 2$, $X_{k} > 0$ is called the Nicolas inequality. We prove that the Nicolas inequality holds for all primes $p_{n} > 2$. In this way, we demonstrate that the Riemann hypothesis is true.

Lambert series associated to Hilbert modular form

In 1981, Zagier conjectured that the Lambert series associated to the weight 12 cusp form [Formula: see text] should have an asymptotic expansion in terms of the nontrivial zeros of the Riemann zeta function. This conjecture was proven by Hafner and Stopple. In 2017 and 2019, Chakraborty et al. established an asymptotic relation between Lambert series associated to any primitive cusp form (for full modular group, congruence subgroup and in Maass form case) and the nontrivial zeros of the Riemann zeta function. In this paper, we study Lambert series associated with primitive Hilbert modular form and establish similar kind of asymptotic expansion.