assembly lines
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2022 ◽  

Though he has been marginalized in most mainstream accounts of modern architecture, Albert Kahn (b. 1869–d. 1942) is increasingly considered one of the most important and consequential US architects of the 20th century. Kahn is known primarily for the technically innovative and rigorously functional factory buildings that his still-extant firm Albert Kahn Associates, Inc. (founded 1903) designed for automotive manufacturers, including the Ford Motor Company, but his firm was also responsible for hundreds of eclectically styled buildings for other purposes in Detroit, Michigan. Research and writing regarding Albert Kahn often requires considerable effort to disambiguation. Most importantly, Albert Kahn the man is far from a synecdoche for the firm he founded, Albert Kahn Associates, Inc., which employed upward of several hundred people at its height and is still in operation under the simplified Kahn moniker today. Some mid-20th century historians and critics substituted the inaccurate and often derogatory moniker “Albert Kahn Inc.” as name for the firm to suggest its alienated and impersonal nature. Albert Kahn’s siblings are also worthy of attention in their own right. Frequently mentioned in the extant literature are brothers Julius (b. 1874–d. 1942) who was a trained engineer, inventor and co-founder of the highly successful Trussed Concrete Steel Company; Moritz (b. 1880–d. 1939), who was also an executive of the Kahn firm pivotal in its operations in the USSR between 1929 and 1932, and occasionally Louis (b. 1885–d. 1945), who was a manager and executive in the Kahn firm. Views of Albert Kahn have served as a barometer for the intellectual climate in architecture culture since the early 20th century, indexing the relative importance of aesthetics, ethics, and technics. Studies of Kahn and his firm have, until recently, primarily focused on their contributions to industrial architecture and the influence of their early factory buildings on architecture culture at large. These studies often describe the give-and-take between assembly lines and the streamlined, pragmatic design of the buildings that encompassed them. An upsurge of recent attention to Kahn’s work has been oriented away from issues of design toward larger histories. Some scholars have addressed the shift toward large, integrated offices within the profession, for which Albert Kahn Associates was a groundbreaking exemplar. Others have addressed the ways Kahn served the growth of global enterprise, revealing that his marginalization from architectural history has effaced the willful complicity of US architects in compounding capitalist power and solidifying its ideology. These topics remain rich veins for future researchers.


Author(s):  
Damien Lovato ◽  
Romain Guillaume ◽  
Caroline Thierry ◽  
Olga Battaia

2021 ◽  
pp. 1063293X2110655
Author(s):  
Yuling Jiao ◽  
Xue Deng ◽  
Mingjuan Li ◽  
Xiaocui Xing ◽  
Binjie Xu

Aiming at improving assembly line efficiency and flexibility, a balancing method of parallel U-shaped assembly line system is proposed. Based on the improved product priority diagram, the bidirectional priority value formula is obtained. Then, assembly lines are partitioned into z-q partitions and workstations are defined. After that, the mathematical model of the parallel U-shaped assembly line balancing problem is established. A heuristic algorithm based on bidirectional priority values is used to solve explanatory examples and test examples. It can be seen from the results and the effect indicators of the assembly line balancing problem that the heuristic algorithm is suitable for large balancing problems. The proposed method has higher calculation accuracy and shorter calculation time. The balancing effect of the parallel U-shaped assembly line is better than that of single U-shaped assembly line, which verifies the superiority of the parallel U-type assembly line and effectiveness of the proposed method. It provides a theoretical and practical reference for parallel U-type assembly line balancing problem.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Qidong Yin ◽  
Xiaochuan Luo ◽  
Julien Hohenstein

Two-sided assembly lines are widely used in the large-size product manufacturing industry, especially for automotive assembly production. Balancing the assembly line is significant for assembly process planning and assembly production. In this study, we develop a novel and exact method to optimize the two-sided assembly line balancing problem with zoning constraints (TALBz), in which the aim is to minimize the number of mated-stations considering the task restrictions. A mixed-integer programming model is employed to exactly describe the TALBz problem. To strengthen the computational efficiency, we apply Dantzig–Wolfe decomposition to reformulate the TALBz problem. We further propose a branch-and-price (B&P) algorithm that integrates the column generation approach into a branch-and-bound frame. Both the benchmark datasets with zoning constraints and without zoning constraints are tested to evaluate the performance of the B&P algorithm. The numerical results show that our proposed approach can obtain optimal solutions efficiently on most cases. In addition, experiments on the real-world datasets originating from passenger vehicle assembly lines are conducted. The proposed B&P algorithm shows its advantage in tackling practical problems with the task restrictions. This developed methodology therefore provides insight for solving large-scale TALBz problems in practice.


2021 ◽  
Vol 158 (A2) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Ozkok ◽  
M K Kasikci ◽  
I H Helvacioglu

Recently, the competitive environment is very tough in shipbuilding industry and under these circumstances, manufacturing a ship in a shorter time becomes significantly important in order to meet the customer demands. Therefore, it is hard to do that by using traditional manufacturing techniques. The shipyards located in Turkey usually have functional locations for the machines and this situation often causes longer production times. Instead of this, assembly lines should be redesigned as workshops in the shipyard. Prefabrication work unit is a good example in which an assembly line is needed to be designed. In this study, an assembly line design for prefabrication work unit was performed. For this, assignments of work operations to work shops were carried out by using Largest Set Rule Algorithm and some alternatives were created according to compare the different values of cycle time. These alternatives were simulated by using a production simulation program and the most appropriate assembly line design was presented.


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