B- mode ultrasonographic biometry of cataractous eyes in dogs

Cataract is one of the main reasons interfering with examination of the eye in many species of animals. As the opaque lens obscures visualization of the posterior segment of the eye, evaluation of the structures in the posterior segment becomes impossible. B-mode ultrasonography of the eye plays a major role in such conditions to evaluate the posterior segment and to evaluate the biometry of the intraocular structures. In the current study, dogs with cataracts of various stages were subjected to ocular ultrasonographic evaluation and biometry of ocular structures. Biometry for ocular parameters like axial length of the eye (D1), vitreous chamber depth (D2), lens diameter (D3) and lens depth (D4) were recorded in all the dogs with cataractous lens. The ultrasonographic appearance of the lens varied in echogenicity with the stage of the cataract. The changes in the cortex and nucleus part of the lens were also imaged and recorded. B-mode ultrasonography was useful in ruling out structural pathologies related to the vitreous and retina prior to cataract surgery

Clinical Study of Scleral Fixated Intraocular Lens Implantation in Blunt Ocular Trauma

Aim: to assess visual outcome and complications associated with SFIOL implantation in traumatic lens subluxation/ dislocation cases. Methods: This is a retrospective study of 45 patients who were managed for traumatic dislocation/subluxation of clear or cataractous lenses from June 2019 to July 2020 in a Krishna hospital, Karad, Satara. All cases underwent anterior vitrectomy/3 port pars plana vitrectomy + removal of lens and ab externo 2 point scleral fixation with rigid or foldable sfiol. In posteriorly dislocated/subluxated lens, vitrectomy was done and the lens was removed using pick forceps and retrieved by hand shake technique. In anteriorly dislocated cataractous lens, the lens was removed through the tunnel incision. Results: Majority of the patients were between 55-65 years of age with male pre-ponderance (73.3%).Out of 45 cases, 21 cases (46.6%) were traumatic dislocated lens and 24 cases (53.3%) were traumatic subluxated lens. The mean preoperative BCVA was 0.13 ± 0.24 logMAR, which improved 0.39 ± 0.366 logMAR postoperatively (P <0.0001 ).Preoperatively BCVA in logMAR in 39 cases (86.6%) was 0.3 or better, 6 cases (13.3%) was 0.3 to 1.0 . Postoperatively BCVA in logMAR in 21 cases (46.67%) was 0.3 or better, 24 cases (53.3%) was 0.3 to 1. P-value is 0.00057 which is significant. Early postoperative complications noted were raised intraocular pressure in 12 cases (26.6%), corneal edema in 9 cases (20%), vitreous hemorrhage in 8 cases (17.7%) and hypotony in 3 cases (6.67%).Late postoperative complications were persistent elevation of intraocular pressure in 10 cases (22.2%), cystoid macular edema in 3 cases (6.67%), epiretinal membrane in 3 cases (6.67%). Conclusion: In every horrendous case, long haul follow-up is needed to distinguish confusions and start treatment at the most punctual.

Bacillus endophthalmitis after cataract removal surgery following initial ocular trauma: a case report

Infectious endophthalmitis is an ocular infection caused by bacterial or fungal organisms involving intraocular tissues, aqueous, and vitreous humour. Bacillus sp. is an uncommon microorganism causing endophthalmitis. We describe a teenager who presented with a self-sealed corneal laceration, cataractous lens, and evidence of a breach in the anterior capsule. The eye was initially quiet and stable. The event started 1 day after uncomplicated cataract surgery. The patient developed fulminant postoperative endophthalmitis with a fatal final visual outcome. A high index of suspicion is mandatory, and more aggressive treatment may be able to improve the final outcome.

Postoperative Complications after Phacoemulsification and Implantation of Foldable Acrylic Intraocular Lenses in Dogs

Background: Despite significant advances in canine cataract surgery over the years, many post-operative complications persist and reduces the success rate of phacoemulsification procedure. The aim of current study was to evaluate post-operative complications encountered till 90 days after bimanual phacoemulsification with implantation of different acrylic Intraocular Lenses.Methods: The study was conducted on 24 canine eyes. All the clinical cases were subjected to detailed ocular, ultrasonography and neuro-ophthalmic tests for ascertaining cataract and associated neuro-ophthalmic pathology. Dogs were divided in four groups with 6 eyes in each group and subjected to phacoemulsification procedure for removal of cataractous lens and implanted with square edge or round edge hydrophilic or hydrophobicintra ocular lenses.Result: Statistically non-significant (p£0.05) variations were found for all the post- operative complications among the groups. Within the groups initially higher values were recorded and on subsequent days a declining trend of varying degrees were observed. The corneal opacity was a major postoperative complication leading to failure to achieve vision with other coinciding neuro-ophthalmic conditions.

THE STUDY OF PREVALENCE OF LENS INDUCED GLAUCOMAAND ITS VISUAL OUTCOME AFTER TREATMENT

Lens Induced Glaucoma (LIG) is a type of secondary Glaucoma characterised by an acute rise of IOP, pain, redness, diminished vision with senile hypermature, mature or rarely immature cataract in affected eye. Definitive treatment is removal of cataractous lens after prompt control of IOP. Visual outcome is good if operated earlier, otherwise due to long duration of raised IOP leads to Glaucomatous Optic Atrophy with poor visual prognosis. It was a hospital based prospective study done in Ophthalmology department of NMCH , Patna, Bihar. Total 44 patients of LIG were included in the study. It was found that phacomorphic type of LIG was highest in prevalence i.e. 65.91% and phacolytic type 29.54%. After surgery maximum patients (81.82%) were discharged with normal IOP. After 4 weeks of surgery majority of patients had good improvement of vision. Lens Induced Glaucoma is preventable & curable condition, by spreading awareness regarding its danger and encouraging people for timely cataract surgery. Late presentation is one of the reasons for irreversible loss of vision.

Synchrotron-based FTIR microspectroscopy of protein aggregation and lipids peroxidation changes in human cataractous lens epithelial cells

Cataract is the leading cause of blindness worldwide but the mechanisms involved in the process of cataractogenesis are not yet fully understood. Two most prevalent types of age-related cataracts are nuclear (N) and cortical (C) cataracts. A common environmental factor in most age-related cataracts is believed to be oxidative stress. The lens epithelium, the first physical and biological barrier in the lens, is build from lens epithelial cells (LECs). LECs are important for the maintenance of lens transparency as they control energy production, antioxidative mechanisms and biochemical transport for the whole lens. The purpose of this study is to characterize compounds in LECs originated from N and C cataracts, by using the synchrotron radiation-based Fourier Transform Infrared (SR-FTIR) microspectroscopy, in order to understand the functional importance of their different bio-macromolecules in cataractogenesis. We used the SR-FTIR microspectroscopy setup installed on the beamline MIRAS at the Spanish synchrotron light source ALBA, where measurements were set to achieve single cell resolution, with high spectral stability and high photon flux. The results showed that protein aggregation in form of fibrils was notably pronounced in LECs of N cataracts, while oxidative stress and the lipids peroxidation were more pronounced in LECs of C cataracts.

Spontaneous Cataractous Lens Extrusion in a Patient with Corneal Melting

Purpose: The aim of this report is to describe an unusual case of cataractous lens extrusion through a diseased cornea in the absence of any history of trauma or surgery. Patient and Methods: An elderly female with a history of blepharitis, corneal vascularization, and scarring presented with foreign body sensation, mild ocular pain, and a brunescent cataractous lens extruding through an area of corneal melt of the right eye after being lost to follow-up. The patient was operated urgently and then referred to a specialized eye hospital for further management. Conclusion: In the setting of social neglect and poor compliance to treatment and appointments, consequences of common ophthalmic conditions can lead to serious vision and organ-threatening complications. These might require prompt medical and surgical attention.