Perceived Discrimination, Experiential Avoidance, and Mental Health among Hispanic Adults in Primary Care

The Hispanic population is the largest minority group in the United States and frequently experiences racial discrimination and mental health difficulties. Prior work suggests that perceived racial discrimination is a significant risk factor for poorer mental health among Hispanic in the United States. However, little work has investigated how perceived racial discrimination relates to anxiety and depression among Hispanic adults. Thus, the current study evaluated the explanatory role of experiential avoidance in the relation between perceived racial discrimination and anxiety/depressive symptoms and disorders among Hispanic adults in primary care. Participants included 202 Spanish-speaking adults ( Mage = 38.99, SD = 12.43, 86.1% female) attending a community-based Federally Qualified Health Center. Results were consistent with the hypothesis that perceived racial discrimination had a significant indirect effect on depression, social anxiety, and anxious arousal symptoms as well as the number of mood and anxiety disorders through experiential avoidance. These findings suggest future work should continue to explore experiential avoidance in the association between perceived racial discrimination and other psychiatric and medical problems among the Hispanic population.

Racism and Cancer Screening among Low-Income, African American Women: A Multilevel, Longitudinal Analysis of 2-1-1 Texas Callers

Although racism is increasingly being studied as an important contributor to racial health disparities, its relation to cancer-related outcomes among African Americans remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to help clarify the relation between two indicators of racism—perceived racial discrimination and racial residential segregation—and cancer screening. We conducted a multilevel, longitudinal study among a medically underserved population of African Americans in Texas. We assessed discrimination using the Experiences of Discrimination Scale and segregation using the Location Quotient for Racial Residential Segregation. The outcome examined was “any cancer screening completion” (Pap test, mammography, and/or colorectal cancer screening) at follow-up (3–10 months post-baseline). We tested hypothesized relations using multilevel logistic regression. We also conducted interaction and stratified analyses to explore whether discrimination modified the relation between segregation and screening completion. We found a significant positive relation between discrimination and screening and a non-significant negative relation between segregation and screening. Preliminary evidence suggests that discrimination modifies the relation between segregation and screening. Racism has a nuanced association with cancer screening among African Americans. Perceived racial discrimination and racial residential segregation should be considered jointly, rather than independently, to better understand their influence on cancer screening behavior.

1514Racial discrimination and anxiety symptoms in adolescents and young adults: a five-wave longitudinal analyses

Background Racism is a major public health issue and may be associated with several mental health outcomes. However, more epidemiological analyses are necessary on the theme, particularly longitudinal studies. Therefore, we aimed to examine the association between perceived racial discrimination and anxiety symptoms during adolescence and young adulthood in a Brazilian metropolitan area. Methods A five-wave prospective longitudinal study started in 2000. Individuals were aged from 10 to 21 years at baseline, with clustered random sampling. Questions about the experience of racial discrimination were asked. PHQ-9 evaluated anxiety symptoms. Repeated measures analysis with GEE (Generalized Estimating Equations) estimated adjusted relative risks. Results There were 979 adolescents at baseline, with 19.9% (n = 195) reporting perceived racial discrimination and 26.5% (n = 259) with anxiety symptoms. A positive association was found between the perception of racism and anxiety symptoms, after adjustment for sex and age. When adding socioeconomic status, work and adverse environmental conditions, in the final adjusted model, the association was not substantially affected (RR = 1.52; 95% CI: 1.30-1.79). Conclusions The fight against racism and different types of discrimination and racial violence are urgent for public health. To assure high levels of ethical values and respect for fundamental human rights is still a challenge in the Brazilian society, still marked by the historical and shameful experience of slavery. Public policies, including health policies, in particular, must target the elimination racial discrimination as a central topic, reducing its consequences for mental health of black population. Key messages This study advances by adding a longitudinal analysis to a theme with a lack of epidemiological studies, especially longitudinal ones, contributing to the understanding of the association between racism in adolescence and mental health. The findings highlight the urgent need to fight racial discrimination as an ethical paradigm, reducing severe consequences of this type of violence on mental health.

Perceived racial discrimination and eating habits: Systematic review and conceptual models

Context: there is no systematic organization of the available evidence about the relationship between racial discrimination and eating habits. Also, there is no consensus about its causal mechanism. Objectives: a systematic review was conducted to synthesize evidence on the association between perceived racial discrimination and eating habits (eating behavior and food consumption). A conceptual model was developed to depict the most common mechanisms used to explain this association. Data Sources: articles and dissertations were retrieved from the PubMed, EMBASE, Lilacs, and PsycINFO databases from inception to January 2021. Data Analysis: 19 studies were included. The assessment of methodological quality was conducted using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. On average, the studies showed a methodological quality of 66%. Forty-six associations were evaluated. There were 38 associations between perceived racial discrimination and negative eating habits, 29 concerning eating behavior, and 17 regarding food consumption. Conclusions: perceived racial discrimination negatively affects eating habits. A broader conceptual framework based on ecosocial theory is suggested to guide future research that would include different racial discrimination dimensions, such as internalized and structural.

Perceived Racial Discrimination Antecedents of Turnover Intention (Intervened by Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment) The Case of Family-based Company “PT.X”

This paper explores the influence of perceived racial discrimination on work-related attitudes (i.e., job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and turnover intention) among employees in a family-based company engage in construction consulting services. The investigation was utilized with quantitative methods and saturated technique was performed by collecting samples from 82 employees. The analysis is conducted with WarpPLS. We examine how workplace racial composition affects employee’s experiences of racial discrimination or how these experiences impact workers organizational commitment and job satisfaction. The analyses indicate that perceived racial discrimination correlates positively on turnover intentions among employees. We also propose that job satisfaction correlates positively on organizational commitment. And in the end, we test job satisfaction and organizational commitment intervene the interactive effects of perceived racial discrimination on turnover intention respectively