Edaphic invertebrate diversity around the reservoir of a small hydroelectric power station in southern Brazil

To meet the growing demand for electricity, considerable effort has been invested in the construction of hydroelectric stations in Brazil. The environmental impacts caused by these projects have been significant, especially on fauna. To evaluate the biodiversity of edaphic invertebrates, a study was performed in an area surrounding a small hydroelectric station of Flor do Sertão, in the Santa Catarina state, Brazil, covering three distances (5, 15 and 30 meters) from the flooded region of the reservoir. From December 2010 to June 2011, surveys of edaphic invertebrates were performed by pitfall traps. The invertebrates collected at each distance were compared and their diversity was calculated through Hill numbers. The dynamics were analyzed through the Shannon index exponential and the inverse Simpson index, and correlated climatic variables to invertebrate diversity. A total of 14,074 specimens were collected from 24 taxonomic groups (Order). The analyses according to size and sample coverage showed few differences in invertebrate diversity between the distances. Values of richness and diversity of common groups are similar for all distances. There is a trend decrease in diversity dynamics for common individuals, with a strong decline in June. The diversity of edaphic invertebrates exhibited high correlation with temperature and no correlation with pluviosity.

European River Lamprey Lampetra Fluviatilis in the Upper Volga: Distribution and Biology

After the construction of the Volga Hydroelectric Station and other dams, migration routes of the Caspian lamprey were obstructed. The ecological niches vacated by this species attracted another lamprey of the genus Lampetra to the Upper Volga, which probably came from the Baltic Sea via the system of shipways developed in the 18 th and 19 th centuries. Based on collected samples and observations from sites in the Upper Volga basin, we provide diagnostic characters of adults, and information on spawning behavior. Silver coloration of Lampetra fluviatilis was noted for the first time and a new size-related subsample of “large” specimens was delimited, in addition to the previously described “dwarf”, “small” and “common” adult resident sizes categories. The three water systems: the Vyshnii Volochek, the Tikhvin and the Mariinskaya, are possible invasion pathways, based on the migration capabilities of the lampreys. Dispersal and colonization of the Caspian basin was likely a combination of upstream and downstreams migrations. First, the lampreys migrated upstream along the rivers of the Baltic basin until they reached the water-parting line, followed by mostly downstream dispersal into rivers of the Caspian basin. Dispersal in the Volga River was similar, in accordance with the migration cycle of this opportunistic lamprey species.

Analysis of the Production of Electricity in Kyrgyzstan

This article provides a dynamic analysis of the volume of water accumulation in the Toktogul hydroelectric station, a variance analysis of the electricity production of the Kyrgyz Republic, as well as a dynamic analysis of electricity production. To analyze the trend of water accumulation, water volumes for twelve years were used. Using dynamic analysis, the deviation of the annual volume of water over 12 years is determined, and it deviates from the average annual level by 27.94%. The dynamic analysis method revealed that the production of electricity is unstable.

A Program Approach to Solving the Problems of Innovative Development of the Economy

The subject of the study is the assessment of the effectiveness of the application of targeted integrated programs in solving important problems of the country’s innovative development. The purpose of the article is to develop theoretical and methodological approaches, develop recommendations of a methodological and practical nature, aimed to improve the procedure of the formation, adoption and evaluation of the implementation of state targeted programs (STP). The effectiveness of applying the program approach to solving the most important problems of the country’s development is shown by the example of the construction of the Dnieper hydroelectric station. Attention is focused on key success factors in construction: patriotism, faith in the future, high qualification of workers, employees, managers, charisma of the program manager, will and comprehensive support of the state leadership. The analysis of the implementation of STP in Ukraine during 2018-2018 is made. Attention is focused on their chronic failure due to non-compliance with the provisions of the methodology of the program approach in management and methodological recommendations for the development and implementation of STPs. An attempt was made to establish a causal relationship, the interdependence between the quality of preparation of the STPs and the final results of their implementation. Attention is paid to assessing the level of innovativeness of the national economy, the reasons for its decline. The necessity of forming improved mechanisms for system program management is emphasized. It was recommended to improve the goal-setting procedures, the application of the principle of comprehensiveness in planning program activities in conjunction with targets, resources, deadlines, and fixing performers. The importance of strict observance of financial discipline in the implementation of programs, the prevention of the creation of various corruption schemes in the allocation of resources was emphasized. The necessity of improving the system for monitoring the implementation of STP measures is emphasized. It is proposed to consolidate in the legal documents the provisions on the mechanism for the distribution of moral, material and administrative responsibility of officials for the implementation of decisions aimed at timely and high-quality achievement of the established goals of the program and especially when they are not fulfilled. Keywords: responsibility, state target program, innovative economic development, efficiency of public administration, program-target method of management.