Nonsymbolic numerosity in sets with illusory-contours exploits a context-sensitive, but contrast-insensitive, visual boundary formation process

The visual mechanisms underlying approximate numerical representation are still intensely debated because numerosity information is often confounded with continuous sensory cues (e.g., texture density, area, convex hull). However, numerosity is underestimated when a few items are connected by illusory contours (ICs) lines without changing other physical cues, suggesting in turn that numerosity processing may rely on discrete visual input. Yet, in these previous works, ICs were generated by black-on-gray inducers producing an illusory brightness enhancement, which could represent a further continuous sensory confound. To rule out this possibility, we tested participants in a numerical discrimination task in which we manipulated the alignment of 0, 2, or 4 pairs of open/closed inducers and their contrast polarity. In Experiment 1, aligned open inducers had only one polarity (all black or all white) generating ICs lines brighter or darker than the gray background. In Experiment 2, open inducers had always opposite contrast polarity (one black and one white inducer) generating ICs without strong brightness enhancement. In Experiment 3, reverse-contrast inducers were aligned but closed with a line preventing ICs completion. Results showed that underestimation triggered by ICs lines was independent of inducer contrast polarity in both Experiment 1 and Experiment 2, whereas no underestimation was found in Experiment 3. Taken together, these results suggest that mere brightness enhancement is not the primary cause of the numerosity underestimation induced by ICs lines. Rather, a boundary formation mechanism insensitive to contrast polarity may drive the effect, providing further support to the idea that numerosity processing exploits discrete inputs.

Boundary Knowledge Translation based Reference Semantic Segmentation

Given a reference object of an unknown type in an image, human observers can effortlessly find the objects of the same category in another image and precisely tell their visual boundaries. Such visual cognition capability of humans seems absent from the current research spectrum of computer vision. Existing segmentation networks, for example, rely on a humongous amount of labeled data, which is laborious and costly to collect and annotate; besides, the performance of segmentation networks tend to downgrade as the number of the category increases. In this paper, we introduce a novel Reference semantic segmentation Network (Ref-Net) to conduct visual boundary knowledge translation. Ref-Net contains a Reference Segmentation Module (RSM) and a Boundary Knowledge Translation Module (BKTM). Inspired by the human recognition mechanism, RSM is devised only to segment the same category objects based on the features of the reference objects. BKTM, on the other hand, introduces two boundary discriminator branches to conduct inner and outer boundary segmentation of the target object in an adversarial manner, and translate the annotated boundary knowledge of open-source datasets into the segmentation network. Exhaustive experiments demonstrate that, with tens of finely-grained annotated samples as guidance, Ref-Net achieves results on par with fully supervised methods on six datasets. Our code can be found in the supplementary material.

Hyperbolic groups with boundary an n-dimensional Sierpinski space

For [Formula: see text], we show that if [Formula: see text] is a torsion-free hyperbolic group whose visual boundary [Formula: see text] is an [Formula: see text]-dimensional Sierpinski space, then [Formula: see text] for some aspherical [Formula: see text]-manifold [Formula: see text] with non-empty boundary. Concerning the converse, we construct, for each [Formula: see text], examples of aspherical manifolds with boundary, whose fundamental group [Formula: see text] is hyperbolic, but with visual boundary [Formula: see text] not homeomorphic to [Formula: see text]. Our examples even support (metric) negative curvature, and have totally geodesic boundary.

PRESYSIBILITY CONCEPT OF PRE-PROPOSED MAJAPAHIT CITY, ON MODERN REGULATION OF AREA CASE STUDY ON CAMPUS UI, UB AND ITB

- Modern building design today has a tendency to focus only on the inner space, while the outer spaceonly as space remaining from processing the space inside. Understanding of space in the context of modernwestern architecture is certainly not necessarily in harmony with the understanding of space in the context oftraditional Javanese architectureBased on the ongoing activities in traditional Javanese buildings, it shows thecomposition of spatial arrangement that allows interaction with the environment so that it is sustainable andresponsive to nature / climate. The mass of the building can be seen as the visual boundary of the space marker,so it can be processed, among others, by given certain pressures such as the use of ornamentation, etc.According to Professor of Southeast Asian Archaeological National University of Singapore John N. Miksic thepower of Majapahit range includes Sumatra and Singapore and even Thailand as evidenced by the influence ofculture, building style, temple, sculpture and art. Trowulan itself is the capital and civilization center of JavaMajapahit. Nagarakretagama mentions the palatial culture of a noble and elegant, with delicate artistry andliterature, as well as a complicated religious ritual system. Majapahit temples good quality geometrically byutilizing the sap of vines and brown sugar as a brick adhesive. This style of building can still be found in Javaand Bali architecture. In addition, Trowulan has a reservoir system called "Segaran", which functions as floodcontrol and water source during drought.This research is trying to understand elements of ancient city of Trowulan and searching for the wealth of urbanspatial Javanese - hindu this and looking for potential development in the present, The research will be donedescriptively argumentative with qualitative approach through study on urban spatial Trowulan to modern areaprecedent.Key Words : Urban Planning, Open Space, Majapahit Capital, Trowulan, Javanese- Hindu Civilization,Mandala

How Can Psychological Contagion Effect be Attenuated? The Role of Boundary Effect on Menu Design

Psychological effects can be greatly influential for the foodservice industry, especially in menu design. Presenting dish pictures is a common practice on menus, but because of the psychological contagion effect, this practice could decrease consumers’ evaluations of dishes, sometimes without the awareness of consumers, let alone restaurant managers. This research aims to explore the potential threats of a psychological contagion by considering how dishes that make consumers feel uncomfortable can affect their evaluations of dishes located nearby. It further examines how a psychological contagion can be attenuated when a visual boundary is placed between a discomfiting dish and a target dish. The results demonstrate the occurrence of psychological contagion in menu design. The interaction between psychological contagions and visual boundaries suggest that the psychological contagion can be attenuated through visual boundaries.

Event representations constrain the structure of language: Sign language as a window into universally accessible linguistic biases

According to a theoretical tradition dating back to Aristotle, verbs can be classified into two broad categories. Telic verbs (e.g., “decide,” “sell,” “die”) encode a logical endpoint, whereas atelic verbs (e.g., “think,” “negotiate,” “run”) do not, and the denoted event could therefore logically continue indefinitely. Here we show that sign languages encode telicity in a seemingly universal way and moreover that even nonsigners lacking any prior experience with sign language understand these encodings. In experiments 1–5, nonsigning English speakers accurately distinguished between telic (e.g., “decide”) and atelic (e.g., “think”) signs from (the historically unrelated) Italian Sign Language, Sign Language of the Netherlands, and Turkish Sign Language. These results were not due to participants' inferring that the sign merely imitated the action in question. In experiment 6, we used pseudosigns to show that the presence of a salient visual boundary at the end of a gesture was sufficient to elicit telic interpretations, whereas repeated movement without salient boundaries elicited atelic interpretations. Experiments 7–10 confirmed that these visual cues were used by all of the sign languages studied here. Together, these results suggest that signers and nonsigners share universally accessible notions of telicity as well as universally accessible “mapping biases” between telicity and visual form.

Furstenberg maps for CAT(0) targets of finite telescopic dimension

We consider actions of locally compact groups $G$ on certain CAT(0) spaces $X$ by isometries. The CAT(0) spaces we consider have finite dimension at large scale. In case $B$ is a $G$-boundary, that is a measurable $G$-space with some amenability and ergodicity properties, we prove the existence of equivariant maps from $B$ to the visual boundary $\partial X$.