Composición, identidad y cardinalidad

In this article I attempt to give an account of the thesis according to which composition is identity and of the criticisms that might be formulated against it. According to a weak version of the thesis, composition, in virtue of being analogous in important respects to identity, is as ontologically innocent as identity. According to the strong version of the thesis, composition is literally a species of the generic relation of identity, and is as ontologically innocent as any species of identity. As we will see, the weak version begs the question or incurs in a non sequitur; and the strong version is incoherent and faces a dilemma. Thus, composition is not identity: one thing cannot be identical to many things.

Scattering of charged fermion to two-dimensional wormhole with constant axial magnetic flux

Scattering of charged fermion with $$(1+2)$$ ( 1 + 2 ) -dimensional wormhole in the presence of constant axial magnetic flux is explored. By extending the class of fermionic solutions of the Dirac equation in the curved space of wormhole surface to include normal modes with real energy and momentum, we found a quantum selection rule for the scattering of fermion waves to the wormhole. The newly found momentum–angular momentum relation implies that only fermion with the quantized momentum $$k=m'/a\sqrt{q}$$ k = m ′ / a q can be transmitted through the hole. The allowed momentum is proportional to an effective angular momentum quantum number $$m'$$ m ′ and inversely proportional to the radius of the throat of the wormhole a. Flux dependence of the effective angular momentum quantum number permits us to select fermions that can pass through according to their momenta. A conservation law is also naturally enforced in terms of the unitarity condition among the incident, reflected, and transmitted waves. The scattering involving quasinormal modes (QNMs) of fermionic states in the wormhole is subsequently explored. It is found that the transmitted waves through the wormhole for all scenarios involving QNMs are mostly suppressed and decaying in time. In the case of QNMs scattering, the unitarity condition is violated but a more generic relation of the scattering coefficients is established. When the magnetic flux $$\phi =mhc/e$$ ϕ = m h c / e , i.e., quantized in units of the magnetic flux quantum hc/e, the fermion will tunnel through the wormhole with zero reflection.

Mass, Spacetime Symmetry, de Sitter Vacuum, and the Higgs Mechanism

We address the question of the intrinsic relation between mass, gravity, spacetime symmetry, and the Higgs mechanism implied by involvement of the de Sitter vacuum as its basic ingredient (a false vacuum). Incorporating the de Sitter vacuum, the Higgs mechanism implicitly incorporates the generic relation between mass, gravity, and spacetime symmetry revealed in the frame of General Relativity for all objects involving the de Sitter vacuum. We overview two observational cases which display and verify this relation, the case known as “negative mass square problem” for neutrino, and appearance of a minimal length scale in e + e − annihilation.

The association between executive functioning and psychopathology: general or specific?

BackgroundWe modeled both psychopathology and executive function (EF) as bi-factor models to study if EF impairments are transdiagnostic or relate to individual syndromes, and concurrently, if such associations are with general EF or specific EF impairments.MethodsData were obtained from the Tracking Adolescents’ Individual Lives Survey (TRAILS; N = 2230). Psychopathology was assessed with parent-report questionnaires at ages 11, 14, 16, and 19, and EF with tasks from the Amsterdam Neuropsychological Tasks program at ages 11 and 19. Bi-factor models were fitted to the data using confirmatory factor analysis. Correlations were estimated to study the associations between general or specific components of both psychopathology and EF.ResultsA bi-factor model with a general psychopathology factor, alongside internalizing (INT), externalizing, attention deficit/hyperactivity (ADHD), and autism spectrum (ASD) problem domains, and a bi-factor model with a general EF factor, alongside specific EFs were adequately fitting measurement models. The best-fitting model between EF and psychopathology showed substantial associations of specific EFs with the general psychopathology factor, in addition to distinct patterns of association with ASD, ADHD, and INT problems.ConclusionsBy studying very diverse psychopathology domains simultaneously, we show how EF impairments cross diagnostic boundaries. In addition to this generic relation, ADHD, ASD, and INT symptomatology show separable profiles of EF impairments. Thus, inconsistent findings in the literature may be explained by substantial transdiagnostic EF impairments. Whether general EF or specific EFs are related to psychopathology needs to be further studied, as differences in fit between these models were small.

Being and Ground

This chapter focuses on grounding. In what sense might grounding be primitive? Perhaps conceptually or methodologically, but not metaphysically. Several ways of defining up a relation of grounding in terms of some kind of ontological superiority plus other connecting relations are explored. The chapter argues that the grounding pluralist, who accepts many metaphysically important grounding relations, and the grounding monist have reasons to believe in an additional relation of ontological superiority. The pluralist does because she needs to account for the unity of the generic relation of ground; it is not a mere disjunction, and so it is either a determinable or an analogous property. But these distinctions were accounted for in terms of naturalness, which is a kind of ontological superiority. The monist about grounding needs some way to defuse grounding variantism, a view analogous to quantifier variantism, and here again appealing to naturalness does the job.

Baroque references in works of Vlastimir Trajkovic

The article examines Baroque references in three Trajkovic?s compositions: Arion, Le nuove musiche per Chitarra ed Archi op. 8 (1979), Le retour des z?phyres ou ?Zefiro torna? op. 25 (2001) and solo song Renoveau from the cycle Cinq po?mes de St?phane Mallarm? op. 29, in its version for voice, flute and piano (2003), all these compositions being unified by the idea of modernity and novelty, metaphorically contained also in the idea of renewal of nature, which connects music of the moderns from the beginning of the 17th century and Trajkovic?s search for new paths in music, opposite to ?gothic? tangles of the Avant-garde. Complex and multi-layered, the references to the Baroque era in Trajkovic?s works reflect fundamentally generic, arche-textual relations. Compositions Arion and Zefiro torna are set upon explicit references to Italian origins of the Baroque epoch, in theoretical, as well as in the creative domain (to Caccini?s collection of madrigals - Le nuove musiche, 1601, and Monteverdi?s madrigal Zefiro torna, 1614, after Petrarch?s sonnet). Zefiro torna, with a primarily French title and subtitles of the ?scenes? given after antique mythological sources, indicates, again, a twofold generic relation: to the Italian madrigal tradition (including another Monteverdi?s madrigal with the same title composed after Rinuccini?s sonnet, from 1632) and the French tradition of opera/ballet, additionally mediated by references to the opuses of Debussy and Ravel. Multiple literary and musical trans-historical relations can be observed in the solo song Renouveau. However, from these compositions, implicit generic relations, far more than explicit para-textual references, with the whole corpus of themes, forms, texts, discourses as well as crucial poetic concepts of the 17th century music can be inferred.

Datasets for generic relation extraction

A vast amount of usable electronic data is in the form of unstructured text. The relation extraction task aims to identify useful information in text (e.g. PersonW works for OrganisationX, GeneY encodes ProteinZ) and recode it in a format such as a relational database or RDF triplestore that can be more effectively used for querying and automated reasoning. A number of resources have been developed for training and evaluating automatic systems for relation extraction in different domains. However, comparative evaluation is impeded by the fact that these corpora use different markup formats and notions of what constitutes a relation. We describe the preparation of corpora for comparative evaluation of relation extraction across domains based on the publicly available ACE 2004, ACE 2005 and BioInfer data sets. We present a common document type using token standoff and including detailed linguistic markup, while maintaining all information in the original annotation. The subsequent reannotation process normalises the two data sets so that they comply with a notion of relation that is intuitive, simple and informed by the semantic web. For the ACE data, we describe an automatic process that automatically converts many relations involving nested, nominal entity mentions to relations involving non-nested, named or pronominal entity mentions. For example, the first entity is mapped from ‘one’ to ‘Amidu Berry’ in the membership relation described in ‘Amidu Berry, one half of PBS’. Moreover, we describe a comparably reannotated version of the BioInfer corpus that flattens nested relations, maps part-whole to part-part relations and maps n-ary to binary relations. Finally, we summarise experiments that compare approaches to generic relation extraction, a knowledge discovery task that uses minimally supervised techniques to achieve maximally portable extractors. These experiments illustrate the utility of the corpora.1