STUDI ANALISIS EFEKTIVITAS JEMBATAN PENYEBERANGAN ORANG (JPO) STUDI KASUS : JPO JL. SISINGAMANGARAJA KOTA MEDAN

The pedestrian bridge (JPO), as part of the supporting facilities for the road transportation system, has an important role in the arrangement of the transportation system because in its planning the pedestrian bridge is planned to meet safety, security and comfort aspects and can be a liaison between areas that can be accessed by pedestrians. The research was conducted at the Sisingamangaraja Stree JPO which connects two (2) commercial areas, namely the Grand Mosque and the Yuki Simpang Raya shopping center which are generally crowded with residents of Medan City. Primary data collection in the field is carried out on the number of road crossings, both using JPO or not. The data finally shows that the Sisingamangaraja Street JPO is a JPO that is considered Effective as indicated by the percentage value of effectiveness is 61%. In addition, to show the correct crossing facilities on the road, traffic volume calculations are also carried out during peak hours which indicate that the correct crossing facility is a pelican with a waiting booth.

Supplemental Material: Jurassic Arc: Reconstructing the Lost World of eastern Gondwana

Sample locations, U-Pb and Hf isotopic data from analyzed detrital zircons, the analytical and instrument setup and procedures used, and crustal volume calculations.

Supplemental Material: Jurassic Arc: Reconstructing the Lost World of eastern Gondwana

Sample locations, U-Pb and Hf isotopic data from analyzed detrital zircons, the analytical and instrument setup and procedures used, and crustal volume calculations.

The investigation of the scale effect on porosity in Bashkirian limestones

The article presents the methodology of the representative elementary volume definition for two 1 m long whole core segments. Scientific articles focused on practical methods of representative volume calculations using various physical parameter fluctuations have been studied. Porosity values of every whole core fragment evaluated in two ways using the 7.3 cm diameter core samples in the first approach and the 3 cm diameter core samples in the second one have been compared. Particularities of the scale effect occurring in core samples and depending on core size and porosity type have been analyzed. The cause of porosity increase in big core samples has been determined. The reason due to which porosity changes are explained by fracture porosity occurring in core samples having big volumes has been found. The comparison between neutron log porosity and core porosity has been made. Reasons of similarities or differences of core and log data have been established.

COMBINING TERRESTRIAL SCANNED DATASETS WITH UAV POINT CLOUDS FOR MINING OPERATIONS

Surveyors of open cut mining operations employ multiple data acquisition techniques such as the use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV), Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) and GNSS positioning for creating 3D surface models. Surveyors, mine planners and geologists are increasingly combining point cloud datasets to achieve more detailed surface models for the use of material reconciliation and volume calculations. Terrestrial Laser Scanning and UAV photogrammetry have enabled large, accurate and time effective data collection and increased computing capacity enables geospatial professionals to create 3D virtual surfaces, through merging UAV point clouds and TLS data combing with GNSS positioning. This research paper investigates the effects of combining data sets for creating 3D surface models from independent spatial data collection methods such as UAV, TLS and GNSS and assess their accuracy for the purpose of volume calculations in mining operation. 3D surface models provide important information for mining operations, planning of resources, material volumes calculation and financial calculations. A case study of two rehabilitation mine sites in Northern Victoria, Australia was selected for this study. Field data were collected using Terrestrial Laser Scanner and UAV. After each dataset was processed and filtered, the data were merged to create surface models. The accuracy of the combined model was assessed comparing height (Z) values using a fishnet point grid of the surfaces. Volumes between surfaces were calculated, and a cost applied to the results based on the current bulk cubic meter (BCM) haulage rates. The outputs from this study will provide scientific contributions to civil and mining industries where the computation of stockpile values is required.

Preussner functions for volume estimation of Pinus taeda L. in Southern Brazil

Background: Taper modelling and volume estimation are key procedures in the management and planning of plantedforests. The objective of this work was to evaluate the taper and volume behaviour of Pinus taeda L. species, along the stemin different ages, using the Preussner taper functions, compared to Schöpfer’s 5th-polynomial, Kozak’s and Max-Burkhart’smodels. This work focused on plantations of Pinus taeda L., due to its wide use as a source of raw material in the forestindustry of southern Brazil. Methods: The data were collected in the last 22 years from the Midwest region of Santa Catarina, of trees ranging in agefrom 3.5 to 18 years. This dataset consisted of a collection of volume sections, with relative diameter measurements alongthe stem, used in conventional forest inventory. The total volume of the trees, obtained by integrating the Preussner taperfunctions, was equated by dividing the stem into four parts, in which parabolas were fitted, and compared with the totaland merchantable volume estimated by Schöpfer’s 5th-degree polynomial, Kozak’s and Max-Burkhart’s functions. Results: Bias, RMSE and r were generally better with the application of Kozak’s model, and AIC and BIC for the Preussner’smodel. Conclusions: Kozak functions were better to provide the merchantable volume. In terms of total volume both functions,Kozak and Preussner, provided reliable estimates. The advantage of the procedure proposed by Preussner is the flexibilityof the fitted taper functions, the simplicity of volume calculations by integration, and the feasibility for interpreting theircoefficients.

Practical application of surveying methods for determination of volume quarry mining

Nowadays, various types of geodetic measuring instruments are available in surveying. When conducting a survey of a terrain, surveyor must choose a survey method that is capable of providing high precision measurements. In the surveying process, it is possible to use the following measurement methods - tachymetric survey method, positioning method and remote sensing method. Each of the methods produces data formats that can be used further for volume calculations. The paper analyses the volume differences that are obtained when using various survey methods and volume calculation programs to obtain the surface model. The use of such a tool is important for useful mineral miners, so that surveyors make qualitative surveys and obtain accurate and reliable volumes. Useful minerals miners are required to report annually on their mining volume for a specified period. The useful minerals miners shall at all times keep records of the quantities of minerals actually extracted. Regardless of the type of accounting, topographic surveying and the calculation of volumes, if mineral is extracted in mineral deposits of national importance, more than 50 000 m3, are required (Augstas detalizācijas topogrāfiskās…, 2012). High-quality and accurate topographic survey is needed to create the most realistic surface model appropriate to the terrain. It is defined that the difference between the volumes obtained from the recording of vehicle loads should not be more than 5% when comparing the result of the mineral extraction from topographic surveys (Derīgo izrakteņu ieguves…, 2012; Noteikumi par valsts…, 2018). Nowadays, various measurement methods can be used to obtain data from which a surface model can be generated, and this model can then be used for volume calculations. The surface model is a set of points where, in addition to plane coordinates (x and y), there is also altitude (z) known (Luukkonen, 2011). Each measurement method has its own different measuring instruments that can be used, each method has its own operating principles, on which the quality and accuracy of the obtained data depends.

The 2016 landslide at Saint-Luc-de-Vincennes, Quebec: geotechnical and morphological analysis of a combined flowslide and spread

On 9 November 2016, a landslide in sensitive glaciomarine sediments occurred on a terrace of the Champlain River near the municipality of Saint-Luc-de-Vincennes, Quebec. The particularity of this event is that there are evidences that the movement started as a flowslide and then finished as a spread. The landslide morphology comprises horsts and grabens typical of spreads and also a large quantity of remolded material that flowed out of a pear-shaped crater with a narrow bottleneck, typical of flowslides. The geotechnical investigation of this landslide was performed by the Ministère des Transports du Québec (MTQ) in collaboration with Université Laval, and consisted of light detection and ranging (LiDAR) surveys, drone photography, several boreholes, piezocone tests with pore pressure measurements (CPTUs), field vane tests, and piezometric monitoring. They were used to characterize the landslide, to determine the location of the failure surface, and also to acquire information on the properties of the clay deposit. A combined analysis of the debris and volume calculations was done to reconstruct the different phases of flowing and spreading and their relative chronologies.

DELINEATION OF TARGET VOLUME FOR BRAIN TUMORS IN RADIOTHERAPY USING ACTIVE CONTOUR SEGMENTATION AND SIMPSON INTEGRATION

This research conducts the delineation process for a brain tumor on the radio therapy. Delineation means the imaging process of target volume that is conducted in the beginning of Treatment Planning System (TPS). Target volume consists of gross tumor volume (GTV), clinical target volume (CTV), planning target volume (PTV), and Organ at Risk (OAR). This research aims to delineate target volume and measure the target volume axial brain tumor. The images that are used are Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) including axial, coronal, and sagittal slice. Evaluation is only done with one patient affected by a brain tumor. Delineation process is performed by the active contour segmentation method and volume calculations using Simpson integration method. The delineation of target volume is conducted by segmenting each slice of images moreover they are reconstructed until the three dimension of visualized target volume is obtained. Having done this process, target area and target volume calculations are conducted. This research results range error rate for target area is 0.0006 to 0.0059 and target volume is 0.0001 to 0.0013