The Changing Association Between Homeownership and the Transition to Parenthood

The literature suggests a positive link between homeownership and the transition to parenthood. However, in recent decades, couples' preference for becoming homeowners before having their first child has been undermined by rising housing unaffordability and housing uncertainty. An archetypal example is Britain, where homeownership rates among young adults have fallen substantially as a result of low wages, unemployment, reductions in the availability of mortgage credit, and rising house prices. This situation has produced a housing crisis. Using longitudinal data from the British Household Panel Survey (1991–2008) and the United Kingdom Household Longitudinal Study (2009–2016), we apply multilevel, discrete-time event-history techniques to a sample of women aged 18–42. We investigate whether and how the link between homeownership and entering parenthood has changed in Britain in recent decades. Our findings reveal that in comparison with the 1990s, the likelihood of becoming a parent has declined among homeowners, whereas childbearing rates among private renters have remained stable. Thus, owner-occupiers and private renters have become more similar in terms of their likelihood of entering parenthood. Overall, our findings question the classical micro-level assumption of a positive link between homeownership and transition to parenthood, at least among Britain's “Generation Rent.” These findings are subsequently interpreted in terms of increased housing uncertainty.

How Resilient Is Mortgage Credit Supply? Evidence from the COVID-19 Pandemic

We study the evolution of USmortgage credit supply during the COVID-19 pandemic. Although the mortgage market experienced a historic boom in 2020, we show there was also a large and sustained increase in intermediation markups that limited the pass-through of lowrates to borrowers. Markups typically rise during periods of peak demand, but this historical relationship explains only part of the large increase during the pandemic. We present evidence that pandemic-related labor market frictions and operational bottlenecks contributed to unusually inelastic credit supply, and that technology-based lenders, likely less constrained by these frictions, gained market share. Rising forbearance and default risk did not significantly affect rates on “plainvanilla” conforming mortgages, but it did lead to higher spreads on mortgages without government guarantees and loans to the riskiest borrowers. Mortgage-backed securities purchases by the Federal Reserve also supported the flow of credit in the conforming segment.

Credit Supply and Housing Speculation

Credit supply expansion boosts housing speculation and amplifies the housing cycle. The surge in private-label mortgage securitization in 2003 fueled a large expansion in mortgage credit supply by lenders financed with noncore deposits. Areas more exposed to these lenders experienced a large relative rise in transaction volume driven by a small group of speculators, and these areas simultaneously witnessed an amplified housing boom and bust. Consistent with the importance of belief heterogeneity, house price growth expectations of marginal buyers rose during the boom, while housing market pessimism among the general population increased.

Regressive Mortgage Credit Redistribution in the Post-Crisis Era

We document four secular trends about U.S. mortgage origination by traditional and FinTech lenders after the 2008-2009 financial crisis. First, since 2011, the overall number, size, and approval rate of small and medium-sized loans have been decreasing over time, relative to large loans. Second, the largest lenders redistribute their lending the most. Third, this loan-size redistribution of credit increases in the size of the lender. Fourth, the effects are stronger for mortgages further away from the conforming loan limit(s) in both directions. We argue that the supply of credit drives these secular trends, and we assess several potential economic mechanisms.

KLAUSULA ASURANSI KEMATIAN PADA AKAD KREDIT KPR SUBSIDI DALAM KITAB UNDANG-UNDANG HUKUM DAGANG

The soul of a person can be insured for the needs of the person concerned, both for the duration of his life and for the time specified in the agreement. everyone who lives faces the risk of his own life, because he does not know when he will die. The risk suffered can be in the form of damage, loss or loss, resulting in efforts to avoid and transfer risks to the community through the subsidized KPR program. For banks, the death of a debtor is one of the risks that arise in providing credit. In writing, there are problems being studied, namely, how is the implementation of death insurance in the subsidized MORTGAGE credit agreement and what is the mechanism of death insurance claims for subsidized mortgages. In this research, the writer uses a legal research method which is normative juridical. This study uses a statutory approach, conceptual approach, and a comparative approach. The source of legal materials in this research uses primary sources of legal materials and sources of secondary legal materials. For data collection techniques used are literature review.Keywords: Life Insurance, Subsidized Home Ownership LoansJiwa sesorang dapat diasuransikan untuk keperluan orang yang berkepentingan, baik untuk selama hidupnya maupun untuk waktu yang ditentukan dalam perjanjian. setiap orang yang hidup menghadapi resiko atas hidupnya sendiri, sebab ia tidak mengetahui kapan ia akan meninggal dunia. Resiko yang diderita dapat berupa kerusakan kerugian atau kehilangan, sehingga timbul upaya untuk menghindari dan mengalihkan resiko kepada masyarakat melalui program KPR subsidi. Bagi bank dalam meninggalnya debitur adalah salah satu resiko yang timbul dalam pemberian kredit. Dalam penulisan terdapat permasalah yang dikaji yaitu, bagaimana implementasi asuransi kematian dalam akad kredit KPR subsidi dan seperti apa mekanisme klaim asuransi kematian pasa KPR subsidi. Dalam penelitian ini penulis menggunakan metode penelitian hukum yang bersifat yuridis normatif. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan, pendekatan konseptual, dan pendekatan perbandingan. Sumber bahan hukum dalam peneitian ini menggunakan sumber bahan hukum primer dan sumber bahan hukum sekunder. Untuk Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunkan adalah telaah Pustaka. Implementasi pemberian asuransi kematian Kredit Kepemilikan Rumah (KPR) subsidi, para pihak antara penanggung dan tertanggung harus memperhatikan hal-hal dasar yang dimana sesuai dalam perjanjian serta Mekanisme prosedur klaim asuransi kematian KPR subsidi sama dengan prosedur klaim asuransi jiwa pada umumnya.Kata Kunci: Asuransi Jiwa, Kredit Kepemilikan Rumah Subsidi