A Dynamic Data Driven and Data Segregation Approach Image Restoration Using Neural Networks

Image restoration is the method of restoring an image to its original state by removing noise and blur. Image disclarity is crucial to maintain in a variety of cases, including photography, where motion blur is caused by camera shake when taking images, radar imaging, where the impact of image system reaction is removed, and so on. Image noise is an unwanted signal that appears in an image from a sensor, such as a power / energy signal, or from the atmosphere, such as rain or snow. Coding artefacts, resolution limitations, transmission noise, object motion, camera shake, or a confluence of events could cause image degradation. With the intention of separating HF and LF objects, image decomposition is used to decompose the distorted image into a pattern layer (High Frequency Component) and a framework layer (Low Frequency Component).

First Measurements of Gas Flux with a Low-Cost Smartphone Sensor-Based UV Camera on the Volcanoes of Northern Chile

UV cameras have been used for over a decade in order to remotely sense SO2 emission rates from active volcanoes, and to thereby enhance our understanding of processes related to active and passive degassing. Whilst SO2 column density retrievals can be more accurate/sophisticated using alternative techniques (e.g., Differential Optical Absorption Spectrometer (DOAS), Correlation Spectrometer (COSPEC)), due to their higher spectral resolutions, UV cameras provide the advantage of high time-resolution emission rates, a much greater spatial resolution, and the ability to simultaneously retrieve plume speeds. Nevertheless, the relatively high costs have limited their uptake to a limited number of research groups and volcanic observatories across the planet. One recent intervention in this regard has been the introduction of the PiCam UV camera, which has considerably lowered instrumental cost. Here we present the first data obtained with the PiCam system from seven persistently degassing volcanoes in northern Chile, demonstrating robust field operation in challenging conditions and over an extended period of time, hence adding credence to the potential of these units for more widespread dissemination to the international volcanic gas measurement community. Small and weak plumes, as well as strongly degassing plumes were measured at distances ranging 0.6–10.8 km from the sources, resulting in a wide range of SO2 emission rates, varying from 3.8 ± 1.8 to 361 ± 31.6 td−1. Our acquired data are discussed with reference to previously reported emission rates from other ground-based remotely sensed techniques at the same volcanoes, in particular considering: resolution of single plume emissions in multi-plume volcanoes, light dilution, plume geometry, seasonal effects, and the applied plume speed measurement methodology. The main internal/external factors that influence positive/negative PiCam measurements include camera shake, light dilution, and the performance of the OpenCV and control points post processing methods. A simple reprocessing method is presented in order to correct the camera shake. Finally, volcanoes were separated into two distinct groups: low and moderate SO2 emission rates systems. These groups correlate positively with their volcanological characteristics, especially with the fluid compositions from fumaroles.

Characterization of camera shake

In the early days of photography, emulsions were not very sensitive to light and lenses had relatively small apertures, so long exposures were needed and cameras were generally mounted on solid, stationary, supports. However, in modern use, cameras are nearly always hand-held – and this introduces shake. Vibrations also are introduced by the complex moving systems within a camera and lens. Although many cameras now incorporate mechanisms for minimizing the detrimental impact of shake, and there is a standard test procedure to measure effectiveness of such measures, there is surprisingly little published on the characterization of camera shake itself. The current work describes how inexpensive shake measurement hardware can be built, proposes a testing methodology for characterizing shake, and summarizes preliminary results obtained by measuring shake under a variety of conditions.

Slide Development of Remote Control Camera with Bluetooth Communication

In this paper, we developed a slide imaging system that compensates for tremor when shooting using a camera. It uses a microprocessor to control the stepping motor, and can control slideshows with smartphone apps. We also developed an object tracking method, which is an image processing technique, to automatically capture human motion. It is not easy to obtain a clear image by camera shake when photographing an object with a camera. Some products have recently added camera shake correction function, but products added with such functions are often expensive in price. For these reasons, video equipment sliders are also used by video shooting experts and the general public. However, the conventional products have troublesomeness that people have to move directly. Electric sliders created to solve such inconveniences need to be attached to rails and controlled with buttons, if a motion controller is added. In this thesis, we developed the electric slider that operates with the button using Bluetooth telecommunication of the smartphone so that the position and speed of the slider can be controlled, and in order to reduce the blur, the stepping motor Control.

State of the Art Analysis of Low Light Video Noise and Various Environmental Conditions for Enhancement

Noise present in the digital videos sequence during acquisition, coding, transmission and processing can be effectively removed only with a previous knowledge of noise origin. Hence we have to review the origin of noise in videos/images is a pre requisite to denoise the same. Videos have been captured under controlled or uncontrolled environment. Many researchers who are fervently engaged in enhancing of video images quality taken under different situations like low light ambience, sunny, rainy, snow, camera shake etc have come up with various technical ideas to improve the image quality. The scope of this paper is to make an analysis of the proposals to overcome video noise. An attempt is made to study the presently available algorithms widely used to enhance video images taken under different light condition.